Attention Switching: The Magic Middle

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Presentation transcript:

Attention Switching: The Magic Middle erin buchanan

What? Attention switching: Moving your attention around Not really your eyes

What? Attention switching: Moving your attention around Not really your eyes

How? Posner’s Beam Theory (1980) Zoom Lens/Gradient Theories Open/Close Theory

Beam Theory

Zoom Lens / Gradient Theory

Open / Close Theory

Experiment 1 Based on an experiment by Kwak et al (1991) Tested time independent shifts of attention Against Posner (same velocity)

Hypotheses Time independent shifts of attention. Performance will be affected by objects that appear between target and distractor.

Experiment 1 Same – different matching task Targets Distractors T, L Distractors O, T, L All rotated 0, 90, 180, 270

Trial Types – Visual Angle 2 degrees 4 degrees 6 degrees

Trial Types - Distractors No Distractor Same Distractor Different Distractor Neutral Distractor

Results - Kwak

Results - Same / Different

Results - Trial Type

Brief Conclusion No time independent shifts of attention. Same decisions are faster that different decisions. Only the different distractors caused a slowing in deciding same/different. No facilitation was seen for helpful distractors.

What’s that mean? Posner’s beam theory is only partially supported. Distractors were seen, but only one affected responses. Open/Close theory cannot be supported. Zoom/Gradient theory was not tested.

Experiment 2 LaBerge and Brown (1989) replication With the same distractor types added

Hypotheses Performance will be affected by objects that appear between target and distractor.

Experiment 2 Original study New Experiment Signal Detection Gradient of attention New Experiment Cued Location Distractors

Experiment 2 - Distractors Look for an “S” then an “O” Distractor Types None Same – #O# Neutral – #F# Different – #C#, #0# Reverse

Experiment 2 - Reverse

Experiment 2 - Distractors

Problems Yes/No instead of just Yes? Analyze hit/miss rates for each distractor?

Brief Conclusions This experiment may need to be redesigned. Gradient/Zoom theory may be supported: That bad information is in there, but degraded. They are ignoring it anyway.