Report from the 9th Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer Michael J. Kurylo (USRA/GESTAR; USA) Gerrie Coetzee (SAWS; South Africa) Co-Chairs, 9th ORM Meeting

Background The 9th Meeting of Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention was held in Geneva (14-16 May, 2014) in accordance with COP decisions I/6 and III/8. The ORM Reports and WMO-UNEP Scientific Assessments are required under the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol respectively and have complementary but different purposes: Science Assessments enable the Parties to evaluate control measures under the Montreal Protocol and are communication devices between the research community and decision makers. Assessments neither provide policy recommendations nor are they research planning documents. However, they provide input for both. ORM Reports, on the other hand, address research and monitoring needs in light of scientific understanding provided by the Assessments and do make specific recommendations regarding international actions for improved research coordination and networking.

Implementation Agenda Items for the 9th ORM Meeting Issues pertinent to the Vienna Convention Review of recommendations from the 2011 8th ORM Meeting Review of activities under the Vienna Convention Trust Fund Presentations on the state of the ozone layer and its interactions with climate change Updates on international research and monitoring programs Satellite research and monitoring programs (present & future) National and regional reports on ozone research / monitoring Formulation of needs and recommendations structured around six areas (Overarching Goals, Research Needs, Systematic Observations, Data Archiving and Stewardship, Capacity Building, and the Vienna Convention Trust Fund) Ozone layer and climate interactions -

The full 9th ORM Meeting Report is available as WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 54 http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/Final_9ORM_No_54_web.pdf The Recommendations are also available as Pre-Session Document UNEP/OzL.Conv. 10/6, which provides A more comprehensive discussion of the presentations and recommendations, A framework summary of the current state of research / understanding and implementation for each area, and Specific accomplishments in each area addressing the 8th ORM Recommendations

The 9th ORM Recommendations Were Formulated within the Framework of Four Overarching Goals Developed within the background of the 2014 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion The indisputable strong coupling between changes in climate and in the stratospheric ozone layer requires that climate changes be encompassed in ozone layer protection efforts. Observational and analysis capabilities for climate and ozone layer variables must be maintained and enhanced. The Vienna Trust Fund for Research and Systematic Observations not only needs to be continued, but also enhanced and better targeted to support the above goals. A continued dedication to build capacity for meeting these goals is essential.

Research Needs & Systematic Observations Two highly complementary areas Sustained measurements and improved models are needed to better project the effects of a changing climate and the decrease of Ozone Depleting Substances on the ozone layer. There is a deep concern about diminishing observational capabilities internationally for ozone, ozone- and climate-related species, UV, and other atmospheric parameters.

Data Archiving and Stewardship Archiving without Accompanying Stewardship is Unacceptable Automated data submission with centralized processing accompanied by quality assurance must be implemented to insure more cost efficient and effective archiving. Stewardship of data records to preserve their use by the international science community is critical to understanding the evolution of the ozone layer in an atmosphere responding to other forcings.

Capacity Building Training, Training, Training (e.g., instrument operators in developing countries and CEITs) Establishment of Fellowships for students from developing countries and CEITs to enable them to become future leaders at home Maintaining the quality of the WMO/GAW global ozone observing system through the continuation and expansion of calibrations and more regular data intercomparisons. Capacity building should not come at the cost of ceasing long-term measurements elsewhere.

Tropical Total Ozone Column 25°S-25°N Ozone is highly variable in the tropics where it is mainly monitored by satellites and a few key ground stations. Cite new ODS lifetime initiative.

Tropical Total Ozone Column 25°S-25°N Models do a reasonable job of simulating the complex behavior of ozone. Will they correctly project future changes? Cite new ODS lifetime initiative.

Tropical Total Ozone Column 25°S-25°N GHG projections are highly uncertain as is the response of ozone in the tropics. Cite new ODS lifetime initiative.

Tropical Total Ozone Column 25°S-25°N In order to continue to understand the evolution of ozone in the tropics, we need: Sustained observations and research, Improved models and projections, and More capacity throughout the tropics Cite new ODS lifetime initiative.

Vienna Convention Trust Fund A Strategic Plan needs to be developed for more effective utilization of the Trust Fund. The Ozone Research Managers request that the UNEP Ozone Secretariat and WMO set up a Steering Committee to assist in setting priorities and developing budgets, thereby ensuring cost- effective and timely implementation. The Ozone Research Managers identified both short- and long-term implementations and recommended specific costed projects for priority support from 2014 – 2016 (see the full report).

In conclusion, the 9th ORM Meeting Co-Chairs would like to express our thanks to The Government of France and UNESCO for their kindness and hospitality in hosting this meeting, and to the UNEP Ozone Secretariat for its excellent organizational efforts, The WMO and the UNEP Ozone Secretariat for arranging a highly successful and informative 9th ORM Meeting and for inviting us to present this summary, The many international delegates and scientific experts who gave generously of their time to ensure the success of the 9th ORM Meeting, especially for their efforts in helping to craft the meeting report and its recommendations, and To all of you for taking on the responsibilities of attending and participating in this week’s events in Paris.