ATM OCN 100 - Fall 2000 LECTURE 8 ATMOSPHERIC ENERGETICS: RADIATION & ENERGY BUDGETS A. INTRODUCTION: What maintains life? How does Planet Earth maintain.

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Presentation transcript:

ATM OCN 100 - Fall 2000 LECTURE 8 ATMOSPHERIC ENERGETICS: RADIATION & ENERGY BUDGETS A. INTRODUCTION: What maintains life? How does Planet Earth maintain a habitable environment?

B. ENERGY (HEAT) BUDGETS Energy budget philosophy INPUT = OUTPUT + STORAGE Planetary annual energy budget Short wave radiation components Long wave radiation components Non radiative components (where)...

Background - The Earth, The Sun & The Radiation Link INPUT -- Solar Radiation From Sun radiating at temperature  6000 K; Peak radiation m; Solar Constant  2 cal/cm2/min or 1370 W/m2 OUTPUT -- Terrestrial radiation Emitted from earth-atmosphere system; Radiating temperature  Peak radiation region m.

Planetary Radiative Energy Budget From Geog. 101 UW-Stevens Point

PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Short Wave Components Disposition of solar radiation in Earth-atmosphere system Reflected Scattered Absorbed Transmitted Implications

PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Long Wave Components Disposition of long radiation in Earth-atmosphere system Emitted Absorbed Transmitted

PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Long Wave Components (con’t.) Atmospheric or “Greenhouse” Effect Background “Greenhouse Gases” [H2O, CO2, CH4] Implications

PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Non-Radiative Components Disposition of non-radiative fluxes in Earth-atmosphere system Types of non-radiative fluxes Sensible heat transport Latent Heat transport Implications

PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t.) ANNUAL AVERAGE Input = Output Absorbed solar = Emitted terrestrial LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION Input & Output Curves Energy surplus & deficit regions Meridional energy transport in Atmosphere & Oceans

OCEAN CURRENTS

ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t.) LOCAL ENERGY BUDGETS THE FORCING (Energy Gain) Radiative Controls Latitude Clouds Air Mass Controls Warm Air Advection & Cold Air Advection THE RESPONSE Temperature & Temperature Variations

ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t.) FACTORS TO CONSIDER in the Thermal Response Albedo (reflectivity) Conductivity Specific Heat Quantity of heat required to change temperature of a unit mass of substance by 1 Celsius degree.

Thermal Conductivity Example: Change in Snow Cover See Figure 3 Thermal Conductivity Example: Change in Snow Cover See Figure 3.6, Moran & Morgan (1997)

TEMPERATURE RESPONSE for substances with differing specific heats See Table 3.2, Moran & Morgan (1997)

ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t) Local energy budgets Features of local energy budgets Annual Summer maximum temperature Winter minimum temperature Diurnal Afternoon maximum temperature Pre-dawn minimum temperature