5.1 History of the Periodic Table

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Presentation transcript:

5.1 History of the Periodic Table Ch. 5 The Periodic Law 5.1 History of the Periodic Table

Introduction By 1860, chemists had discovered more than 60 elements but did not have set ways to determine atomic masses. First International Congress of Chemists met to discuss problem Italian chemist, Stanislao Cannizzaro, proposed accurate way to measure atomic mass

Mendeleev Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev After hearing about meeting and new atomic masses discussed, he decided to use them in his new book He wanted to create a way to organize the elements according to their properties How would you approach this problem?

Mendeleev made notecards with each element described he tried organizing them different ways and watched for patterns and trends

Mendeleev when he arranged them by atomic mass, he found similar properties at certain intervals Periodic- contains a repeating pattern published the first periodic table in 1869

What is missing?

Mendeleev left empty spaces where he predicted undiscovered elements should be confirmed his predictions and persuaded other chemists scandium (Sc) gallium (Ga) germanium (Ge)

Moseley 1911, Henry Moseley (English) found that the pattern worked best if arranged by number of protons Look at modern periodic table. Do you see any out of order by atomic number? atomic mass?

Periodic Law physical and chemical properties are periodic functions of their atomic numbers when elements are arranged by atomic number, elements with the same properties appear at regular intervals.

Modern Periodic Table What is it? an arrangement of elements in order of atomic number so that elements with similar properties fall in the same group chemists made some very important discoveries after Mendeleev’s table

Lanthanides and Actinides 14 elements 58 (Ce) – 71 (Lu) Actinides 14 elements 90 (Th) – 103 (Lr)

Noble Gases Argon: Helium: 1894 by Lord Rayleigh (English) and Sir William Ramsey (Scottish) in atmosphere but since it is unreactive, no one had noticed it Helium: 1868, discovered as component of sun 1895, Ramsey found on Earth

Noble Gases 1898, Ramsey found Kr and Xe 1900, Friedrich Dorn (German) found Rn Ramsey proposed new group to hold them in between Group 1 and Group 17