Civil War Georgia secedes from the United States in January of 1861 Confederate States of America was formed in March 1861 Jefferson Davis –Pres, Alexander Stephens (Georgia)- VP

Fort Sumter The first shots of the Civil War rang out on April 12, 1861 when the Confederate Army attacked Fort Sumter, South Carolina Prior to the attack, the Confederate Government had attempted to settle differences with Union. President Lincoln refused to compromise, felt that the Union must be preserved. President would not accept secession of states.

Battle of Fort Sumter First shot fired by Confederate army April 12, 1861 at 4:30 A.M Union army at the fort was poorly supplied and nourished. They knew they would not last in a long battle. April 13, 1861, after 33 hours of being bombarded, Fort Sumter surrendered.

Lincoln’s response After hearing of the surrender, President Abraham Lincoln called for 42,000 men to serve in the Union Army. One month later he called for 75,000 troops for 3 years. He ordered a naval blockade of Southern ports from South Carolina to Texas on April 19, 1861.

War Between the States

Blockade of Georgia’s Coast Most of Georgia’s ports were blocked throughout the war , including Brunswick and Darien Town of Darien was actually burned.

Fort Pulaski-Savannah Fort Pulaski protected Savannah, a major port of the Confederacy Fort Pulaski was built by some of the army’s greatest engineers from both the North and south. It was believed that this fort would not crumble from military fire.

Surrender of Fort Pulaski In April 1862, the use of cannons and long-range weapons, shattered Fort Pulaski's walls from over a mile away. After thirty-hours of bombardment, the fort surrendered. Union troops were able to use the fort to block ships from entering Savannah. Blockade made it hard for farmers and merchants to sell their products and for soldiers to receive supplies.

Famous Battles

BATTLE OF ANTIETAM 1862 - Maryland This was the Bloodiest one day battle of the war Lee moved troops to Maryland in an attempt to capture Washington DC Lee’s army was stopped by General McClellan (Union) Union won this battle when Lee retreated. He was able to escape. Confederates lost 13,700 Union Lost 12,400

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION AFTER NORTHERN VICTORY AT ANTIETAM –Sept 1862 Issued by LINCOLN January 1, 1863 FREED SLAVES IN SOUTHERN STATES DID NOT APPLY TO ANY STATES STILL A PART OF THE NATION/UNION- Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, (sometimes WV) These were slave states which bordered a free state and were aligned with the Union. They did not seceed. (GA Stories- The Civil War and the Black Soldier The Civil War and the Black Soldier | Georgia Public Broadcasting)

GETTYSBURG PENNSYLVANNIA – July 1,2,3 1863 Turning point of the war Bloodiest overall battle- 3 days LEE wanted to move north and invade (South was winning battles) Union had 97,000 troops and the South had 75,000 Union had the advantage in terms of position (land) Famous charge up Cemetery Ridge, disaster for South Union won when Lee retreated Over 50,000 dead or injured total Turning point of the war Lincoln issued Gettysburg address

FIGHTING IN GEORGIA:

CHICKAMAUGA (AND CHATTANOOGA) SEPTEMBER 18-20, 1863 NORTH GEORGIA: APPALACHIAN PLATEAU IMPORTANCE: Protect Railroad Lines BLOODIEST BATTLE IN GA (16,000-Union, 18,000 CSA) CONFEDERATES WON - GENERAL BRAXTON BRAGG MADE UNION TROOPS RETREAT BACK TO CHATTANOOGA, TN SHOWED STRENGTH OF CONFEDS- PUSHED UNION BACK TO TN INSTEAD OF IN GA Last major Confederate victory

The Georgia Campaign

SHERMAN'S GEORGIA CAMPAIGN Began in Dalton and proceeded south Goal was to march through the state, capture Atlanta and Savannah STARTED W/100,000 SOLDIERS- 1864 Battle of Atlanta -Fought/shelled for 40 days -Confederate Army retreated -All citizens were given 5 days to leave the city Importance – Central location TRANSPORTATION AND TRADE Center CUT OFF COMMUNICATIONS SEPT TO NOV- CONTROLLED ATLANTA THEN BURNED 1/3 OF CITY

March to the Sea After taking Atlanta, Sherman marched towards Savannah (60,000 troops) Burning and destroying the land along the way 3 TYPES OF RESOURCES DESTROYED (transportation, munitions, food) Total War concept 60 mile wide path Troops didn’t have food and supplies, lived off the land Total destruction was necessary to convince Southerners to lose faith in the Confederate troops and surrender Captured Savannah- December 22, 1864: “I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah with one hundred fifty heavy guns, plenty of ammunition , also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton”.

Sherman’s March generated such hard feelings even after the war was over The Confederate Army was destroyed April 9, 1865 General Robert E Lee surrendered to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia

ANDERSONVILLE Feb 1864- Confederates opened a prison camp to house Union soldiers Placed in a remote area of Western GA, called Camp Sumter LARGEST PRISON IN EXISTANCE Started placing prisoners there before finished Prisoners had to build their own shelters 33,000 UNION PRISONERS at one point (Built to hold 10,000) UNHEALTHY, UNCLEAN, NOT ENOUGH FOOD MALNUTRITION, DISEASE- HIGH DEATH RATE

ANDERSONVILLE 15 months, total of 45,000 POW, 13,000 DIED Commander of the prison- Captain Henry Wirz Asked for help and supplies, tried unsuccessfully to improve conditions After the war Wirz was arrested, sent to Washington D.C. for military trial. Found guilty and hanged on November 10,1865 Today it is a national historic site (Georgia Stories- Andersonville http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?bctid=1674032888 )

For each battle that we have discussed, create an organizer illustrating the significance of each event. Chickamauga Antietam Gettysburg Sherman’s March Andersonville