Seven Skills of Crew Resource Management

Seven Skills of CRM Mission / Flight Analysis Assertiveness Decision Making Communication Leadership Adaptability and Flexibility Situational Awareness

Mission / Flight Analysis What is Mission / Flight Analysis? Phases of Mission / Flight Analysis Preflight In-flight Post flight Preflight Analysis Planning Preparation Briefing

Mission / Flight Analysis In-Flight Mission Analysis Short-term Planning Monitoring Mission Progress Identifying and Reporting Challenges or Changes Post Mission Analysis Selective Review Interactive Timely

Assertiveness What is Assertiveness? Comfort Level Behavior Continuum Barriers to Assertiveness Position of Authority Experience Rank Lack of Confidence Fear of Reprisal Do you think the CAP student pilot was comfortable with the instructor pilots decision to take off from the taxiway? The student was seriously injured – but lived. The instructor pilot died.

Decision Making What is Decision Making? Assessing the Problem Verifying Information Identifying Solutions Anticipating Consequences of Decisions Informing Others of Decision and Rationale Evaluation Decisions

You don’t need audio to hear what our pilot is saying. Communication What is Communication? Types of Communication Verbal (Involves words) Non-Verbal (Everything but words) Process of Communication Sender’s Responsibility Communicate in the Appropriate Mode Verbal versus Non-Verbal Convey Information Accurately and Concisely Provide Information at the Appropriate Time Request Verification or Feedback You don’t need audio to hear what our pilot is saying.

Communication Receivers Responsibility Actively Listen Active verses Passive Role Take Action as a Result of Communication Answer or Respond to Communication Ask for Clarification of Unclear Communication The PIC in the right seat allowed the pilot-qualified scanner in the left seat to fly the search. The pilot thought he saw something and wanted another look. The PIC told him to turn right (away from terrain). He turned left and crashed. Two dead and one seriously burned.

Communication Barriers to Communication Noise Rank or Experience Task Overload Gender Attitude Culture Actively Listen Active verses Passive Role Take Action as a Result of Communication Answer or Respond to Communication Ask for Clarification of Unclear Communication What Barriers to communication could have contributed to this accident?

Leadership What is Leadership Types of Leadership Designated Leadership Responsible Makes Final Decision Normal Mode of Leadership Functional Leadership Leadership by Knowledge or Expertise Occurs When the Need Arises

Adaptability & Flexibility What is Adaptability and Flexibility? Situations That Require Quick Action When Un-briefed Situations Arise When a Routine Mission Becomes an Emergency When Transitions Occur When a Crew Member is Incapacitated When Interactions Are Strained

Adaptability & Flexibility Maintaining Adaptability and Flexibility Anticipate Problems Recognize and Acknowledge any Changes Offer Alternative Solutions Provide and Ask for Assistance Interact Constructively with Others This cadet orientation pilot allowed the air traffic situation to rush his take off and climb. He stalled and spun on his turn to crosswind leg. 1 senior member & 2 cadets dead.

Situational Awareness What is Situational Awareness? Perception Versus Reality View of the Situation Incoming Information Expectations and Biases Incoming Information Versus Expectations

Situational Awareness Factors That Reduce Situational Awareness Insufficient Communication Fatigue / Stress Task Overload Task Under Load Press On Regardless Philosophy This CAP pilot was turned down by several flight release officers for a return flight from a SAR/EX because the mountain wave turbulence had been reported by several pilots to be bad. He finally found a flight release officer to release him and his non-pilot passenger. His airplane never made it over the ridge. Two dead.

The End