The Endocrine System With nervous system coordinates the function of all body systems Regulates homeostasis through hormones

Hormones Over 50 hormones Secretions enter blood Effect target cell, tissue organ Most only affect a few types of cells

FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES Helps regulate: 1. metabolism 2. ICF & ECF balance 3. contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle 4. Reproductive system Control growth & development

Hormone Function

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Adrenal glands

Pancreas The endocrine tissue of the pancreas is called the Pancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans Alpha Cells - secrete Glucagon raises blood sugar Beta Cells - secrete Insulin lowers blood sugar

STRESS Anything that disrupts homeostasis May be physical May be related to life situations

General Adaptation syndrome (GAS) Three stages Body’s response to stress

Alarm Stage Body is preparing for stress Body’s way of dealing with a stressor

Body changes during alarm Increase blood pressure Increase heart rate Muscles tense Decrease in blood supply to digestive system

Body changes during alarm More mentally alert Better hearing and eyesight Sweating Dry mouth More blood and glucose to muscles

Resistance stage Body is dealing with the stress Body is trying to keep going Body’s way of dealing with prolonged stress

Exhaustion stage Body is worn out Major fatigue Increase in cortisol levels Decrease in K+ Immune system is depressed Illness may occur