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Transport in Vascular Plants How Does Transport in Plants Work?

A Review of Movement Vascular Plants –have vascular tissues to assist transport material through the plant. Active Transport – pumping of solutes against concentration gradient using energy; low to high concentration (uses ATP) Passive Transport – pumping of solutes from a high to low concentration; no metabolic energy required. Transport Protein – allows molecules to pass semi-permeable membrane

Proton Pumps Most important active transport – proton pump Proton Pump – uses ATP to pump H+ ions out of the cell Results in a higher H+ concentration outside the cell Exocytosis Chemiosmosis Membrane Potential – movement of H+ creates a potential gradient as H+ are able to do work. Voltage created as protons (positive charge) ions are pumped out of the cell creating a separation of opposing charges

Water Potential Uptake or loss of water – osmosis (passive transport) Osmosis – water will move from a level of low solute to high solute* Factors effecting osmosis – cell wall (control pressure) Combined effect of solute concentration and pressure are known as water potential (Ψ – psi) Measured in megapascals (Mpa).

Principles of Water Potential Water potential (ψ ) = pressure potential (ψp ) + solute (osmotic) potential (ψs) solute (osmotic) potential (ψs) = -iCRT i – ionization constant - The number of particles the molecule will make in water; for NaCl this would be 2; for sucrose or glucose, this number is 1 C – molar concentration (M) R – pressure constant =0.0831 T – temperature in K (273 + ᵒC) Water in cells often apply pressure – turgor pressure

Solute (osmotic) potential (ψs )= –iCRT The number of particles the molecule will make in water; for NaCl this would be 2; for sucrose or glucose, this number is 1 C = Molar concentration (M) * if not given (next slide) R = Pressure constant = 0.0831 liter bar/mole K T = Temperature in degrees Kelvin (273 + °C) of solution Example Problem: The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determined to be 0.3M. Calculate the solute potential at 27°C degrees. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. What is the water potential? Answer: -7.48 Solute potential = -iCRT = -(1) (0.3 mole/1) (0.0831 liter bar/mole K) (300 K) = -7.48 bar Water potential = -7.48 + 0, so water potential = -7.48

What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2 What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2.5 g of NaCl in enough water to make 125 ml of solution? molarity = moles of solute liter of solution 1 mole of any substance has a mass = to the atom’s atomic mass. 2.5 g NaCl x 1 mole NaCl 58.5 g NaCl = 0.0427 mole molarity = 0.0427 mole NaCl        0.125 L = 0.34 M NaCl Molarity is number of moles per Liters of solution

Classwork Page 742 Define Plasmolyze Turgid Wilting (also, how to correct wilting) Aquaporins Symplast Apoplast Bulk Flow