What are the environmental implications?

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Presentation transcript:

What are the environmental implications? Mining Process What are the environmental implications?

What is an Ore? Definition – a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral – often a metal – that the rock can be mined and processed to extract the desired mineral Example: Bauxite – Aluminum High vs. Low Grade

Removing Mineral Deposits Two Types: Subsurface Mining Expensive Dangerous Lower Environmental Impact Surface Cost Effective Safe High Environmental Impact

Mining For Minerals and Coal Extraction Subsurface: Mine Shafts Room-and-Pillar Longwall Mining Surface: Open Pit Strip Mining Contour Strip Mining Mountain Top Removal

Open Pit Mining Open Pit Mine

Area Strip Mining Area Strip Mining

Contour Strip Mining Contour Strip Mining

Open Pit Copper Mine

Mining Impacts Disruption of land surface Habitat Fragmentation Subsidence Toxic-laced mining wastes – Gangue/Tailings

Acid Mine Drainage Acidification of: Increased Solubility of Metals: Soil Groundwater Surface water Increased Solubility of Metals: Aluminum Mercury Decreased Plant Growth/Animal Distribution

Processing Smelting: Cyanide Heap Leaching Releases Air Pollution Sulfur Dioxide Suspended particles Cyanide Heap Leaching

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act - 1977 Requires mining companies to restore most surface mined land Reclamation Process: 1) Recontouring/Regrading 2) Replacing topsoil/nutrients 3) Replanting native/fast growing vegetation 4) Monitoring for 5-10 years

Specific To Coal Cover Tailings to prevent leaching Sedimentation Ponds/Retention Basins/Catchments Bioremediation Liming/Calcium Carbonate Buffers