Nervous system
Functions of the nervous system Receives sensory information such as light and sound. These senses are integrated in the brain. Carry out motor responses by moving muscles.
Parts of the nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral Nerves
Nerve Cells The nervous system is made of specialized cells called Nerves or Neurons These cells transmit electrical signals to relay information. The electrical signals are called nerve impulses
Anatomy of a nerve Dendrites: Receive electrical impulses from neighboring neurons.
Anatomy of a nerve Soma: The cell body which contains most of the cell’s organelles
Anatomy of a nerve Nucleus: Contains the cell’s DNA
Anatomy of a nerve Axon: Transfers electrical impulse signals from the cell body to the synapse
Anatomy of a nerve Myelin sheaths: Cover the axon and work like insulation to help keep electrical signals inside the cell, which allows them to move more quickly.
Anatomy of a nerve Synapses: Send electrical signals to neighboring neurons or muscles.
The brain The brain is composed of about 100 Billion neurons. composed of three major regions: Cerebrum cerebellum brain stem
Cerebrum The cerebrum consists of two hemispheres, left and right. Major functions include interpreting sensory information, initiating muscle movement, memory and personality.
Cerebellum The cerebellum is located at the lower rear of the brain. The major functions include balance and body position, and body posture.
Brain stem The brain stem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord. Major functions include reflex centers, maintains rhythmic breathing, digestion, and heart rate.
Anatomy of the brain Frontal Lobe : Personality, speech, smell
Anatomy of the brain Parietal Lobe: Touch, taste
Anatomy of the brain Occipital Lobe: sight
Anatomy of the brain Temporal lobe: sound, long term memory
Anatomy of the brain Cerebellum: balance and coordination
Anatomy of the brain Limbic lobe: happiness, sadness, and love