Mechanical coordination in motor ensembles

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Mechanical coordination in motor ensembles revealed using engineered artificial myosin filaments

The sarcomere of muscle is composed of tens of thousands of myosin motors that self-assemble into thick filaments and interact with surrounding actin-based thin filaments. Together, these actin–myosin interactions enable large-scale movement and force generation, two primary attributes of muscle. Research on isolated fibres has provided considerable insight into the collective properties of muscle, but how actin–myosin interactions are coordinated in an ensemble remains poorly understood.

Artificial myosin filaments, engineered using a DNA nanotube scaffold, provide precise control over motor number, type and spacing. Using both dimeric myosin V- and myosin VI-labelled nanotubes, we find that neither myosin density nor spacing has a significant effect on the gliding speed of actin filaments. This observation supports a simple model of myosin ensembles as energy reservoirs that buffer individual stochastic events to bring about smooth, continuous motion. Furthermore, gliding speed increases with cross-bridge compliance. As a first step to reconstituting muscle motility, we demonstrate human β-cardiac myosin-driven gliding of actin filaments on DNA nanotubes.

Conclusion : The use of DNA nanotubes, combined with systematic and quantitative myosin labelling, provides a reliable, programmable and inexpensive alternative to the traditional gliding assay, and with controlled motor organization. Given the widespread interest in mapping the effects of cardiomyopathy-causing mutations (>200 mutations in β-cardiac myosin alone), at the level of a single molecule, sarcomere, myocyte and whole heart, propose that this technology is a timely addition to bridge single-molecule and myocyte biology. In addition to β-cardiac myosin, the artificial filaments can also incorporate the actin/ myosin binding domains from myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C),key regulator of cardiac muscle. The engineered myosin filaments, combined with recent advances in generating recombinant skeletal and cardiac myosins are an essential first step to reconstituting the muscle thick/thin filament interface.