Epidemiological Transition:

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Epidemiological Transition: What is the cause of death in each stage?

Epidemiological Transition: What is the cause of death in each stage? Stage 1: Pestilence and Famine. Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, accidents, animal attacks. “Natural Checks” i.e. Black Plague Stage 2: Receding Pestilence. Reduce CDR due to improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine…but not for everyone immediately. i.e. Cholera – hits poor urban dwellers

Epidemiological Transition: What is the cause of death in each stage? Stage 3: Degenerative and Human-created diseases: Decrease in infectious diseases (polio, measles) but increase in Chronic disorders associated with aging i.e. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative: Chronic diseases, but with extended life expectancy. Better life choices, diet, exercise, reduce use of tobacco and alcohol

Epidemiological Transition: What is the cause of death in each stage? Stage 5: Reemergence of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases: Malaria (DDT resistant Mossies), TB (Poverty prevents treatment in LDC), Avian Flu (Speed of travel), or AIDS. What will these do to CDR? What might be stage 5 of the DTM?

Stage I: Stage of pestilence and famine Stage I: Stage of pestilence and famine. Infectious and parasitic diseases were primary causes of death and kept human population in check during stage I of DTM. (i.e. Black Plague, typhus, cholera, small pox.) Stage 2: Stage of receding pandemics. Pandemics receded due to improved sanitation, medicine, and nutrition diseases. BUT: cholera spread quickly as poor people crowd into rapidly growing industrial cities. Stages 3: Stage of degenerative diseases. As people live longer and vaccinations virtually eliminate infectious disease, people now die of chronic diseases associated with aging (heart disease, cancer, etc.) Stage 4: Stage of delayed degenerative diseases. New medicines and technologies extend the lives of those with degenerative diseases (statin drugs, heart surgeries, chemotherapy, etc.) Stage 5: Stage of reemergence of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases reemerge as they adapt and become immune to the antibiotics that have been used to control them

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