HSCE 7.2.2 I can explain the economic challenges that led to the Russian Revolution and gave rise to communism. Agenda Check the Vocab Notes The Russian Timeline

Revolutions in Russia HSCE 7.2.2Ch. 30 sec. 1 *Czar Nicholas II---absolute ruler of Russia---autocratic -anyone who spoke a lang. other than Russian -worshipped another religion besides Russian Orthodox -questioned the Czar = ELIMINATED

The Czars & Russia *Czars did the following to keep Russia Pure: --official language =Russian --oppressed nationalist groups --est. a uniform Russian culture --targeted & oppressed Jews

*Russia Industrialization 1863—1900 = factories doubled -still lagged behind Western nations -sought foreign investment to industrialize -by 1900, Russia is 4th largest steel producer in world -1916---longest railway in world = Trans-Siberian Railroad

*Revolutionary Movement--- REMEMBER THIS GUY??? -industrialization = miserable work conditions, low wages, child labor, low standard of living = strikes! -Karl Marx----developed Marxism (communism) --industrial class would overthrow the czar/wealthy -proletariat----the workers ---workers would rule the country…..

The Bolsheviks *Bolsheviks---radical Marxists who were willing to sacrifice everything for revolutionary change. -Vladimir Lenin (the leader) -ruthless -excellent organizer -charismatic personality -exiled early 1900s…. but returned for the 1917 Russian Revolution

*Crises in Russia--- -1904 = Russo-Japanese War----Russia is faced by the Jap. Army---Russian people upset!!!! -Bloody Sunday: Revolution of 1905 200K protest at Czar Nicky II’s palace -his men fire on the crowd = killing 1000 Result--Nicky agrees to create Duma Parliament -Nicky won’t share power & dissolves Duma…….

WWI: Back Story *World War I -Nicholas II dragged Russia into war 1914- Russians no match for Germans > up to 4 million Russian casualties in less than a year -Nicky II’s wife (Alexandra) rules while he’s at war >She basically ignores his advisors.

Rasputin----”holy man” —Has healing powers??? --he eased Alexis’ pain (Czar & Carina’s son) --in return she lets him make key govt. decisions -hooked up his friends— ignored the people *1916---he gets murdered! *Russian people were starving… --high prices --screaming for change *Russian Army begins to mutiny & desert. *Czar & Czarina could not handle the govt. anymore or problems

*General protests turn into a revolution --Czar Nicholas II steps down…give up his throne --300 year Romanov rule ended --Czar & family all murdered…. *provisional govt. set up…..not strong -Soviets---local councils of workers, peasants, soldiers --in many areas, soviets had more influence than provisional govt. *Germans knew Lenin & Bolsheviks would hurt the Russian war effort, so they arranged for him to return to Russia from exile in 1917.

Lenin is Back *1917—Lenin & Bolsheviks controlled major Russian cities -promised “Peace, Land, and Bread” -November 1917-stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd, Russia ---Lenin distributed all farmland to peasants ---gave control of factories to workers ***Bolsheviks signed truce w/ Germany to stop fighting & enter peace talks

Lenin is Back *Bolsheviks face civil war--- Bolsheviks had to defeat enemies at home -White Army---anti-Bolsheviks who wanted czar back -Bolsheviks = Red Army *3 yr. fight = 14 million Russians die--- --Red Army wins

*Russia Under Lenin--- -Economy is devastated by war/revolution -Lenin’s govt. takes control of banks, major industries, communication, most farms -country needed a single party who was disciplined and a central power to keep order & things running ***Organized Russia into several self-governing republics under control of Central Govt. ***1922----changes the name to USSR

*Russia Under Lenin--- --Bolsheviks renamed their party = Communist Party *NOT dictatorship of the people….dictatorship of the Party *Joseph Stalin---slowly rose to power in Commie Party -cold, hard, ruthless, impersonal, paranoid -1924---Lenin dies = Stalin has the power & by 1928, takes command of Commie Party…

Check for Understanding Create at timeline showing the major events in the changing of Russian government. 1894 1922 Which event on the timeline caused the death of 14 million Russians? How did WWI help to bring about the Russian Revolution? What groups made up the Red Army / White Army? Why did the Bolsheviks rename their party the Communist Party?