Book three : soil, Rocks, and Landforms Investigation one: Soil and Weathering

Focus questions What is soil? What causes rocks to break down into smaller rocks? How are rocks affected by acid rain?

Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready! Review! Review! Review! Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready!

Different Soils?

1. Earth material - Any natural resource that makes up the Earth, including the soil and water

A mix of humus, sand, silt, clay, gravel, and pebbles 2. soil - A mix of humus, sand, silt, clay, gravel, and pebbles

Bits of dead plant and animals in soil 3. humus - Bits of dead plant and animals in soil

When dead plants or animals break down into smaller pieces 4. decay - When dead plants or animals break down into smaller pieces

5. mineral - Ingredients of a rock

A solid earth material made of two or more minerals 6. Rock - A solid earth material made of two or more minerals

The largest category of rock pieces 7. Pebble - The largest category of rock pieces

Rocks that are smaller than pebbles 8. gravel - Rocks that are smaller than pebbles

Rocks that are smaller than gravel 9. sand - Rocks that are smaller than gravel

Rocks that are smaller than sand 10. Silt - Rocks that are smaller than sand

The smallest category of rock pieces 11. Clay - The smallest category of rock pieces

Rock Formations

12. weathering - The process in which larger rocks crack and break apart to form smaller rocks

The process by which are broken down by banging other rocks 13. Physical Weathering - The process by which are broken down by banging other rocks

The sudden movement of earth down a slope 14. landslide - The sudden movement of earth down a slope

Rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks 15. Abrasion - Rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks

To become hard due to loss of heat 16. freeze - To become hard due to loss of heat

When the volume of substance increases 17. expand - When the volume of substance increases

18. Chemical weathering - The process by which the minerals in a rock can change due to chemicals around

19. Chemical Reaction - A process in which two or more materials mix in a way to form new materials

A substance that has a pH below 7 20. acid - A substance that has a pH below 7

21. Acid Rain - Rain formed into acid when carbon dioxide dissolves in the water droplets

When a material mixes into another 22. Dissolve - When a material mixes into another

Vocabulary for Experiments! These will help you today!

A dark rock formed from cooling lava basalt - A dark rock formed from cooling lava

A sedimentary rock made from calcite Limestone - A sedimentary rock made from calcite

marble - A metamorphic rock form when limestone is subject to lots heat and pressure

A sedimentary rock made of sand particles that are stuck together Sandstone - A sedimentary rock made of sand particles that are stuck together

An igneous rock that forms inside Earth Granite - An igneous rock that forms inside Earth

A rock composed of smaller pieces of rocks Conglomerate - A rock composed of smaller pieces of rocks

River Delta - A landform where a river empties sediment before the water enters into standing water

Experiments! Physical Weathering Soil Samples Chemical Mr. Kapusta’s Room Mr. Croft’s Mrs. Smith’s Physical Weathering Soil Samples Chemical

Focus questions What is soil? What causes rocks to break down into smaller rocks? How are rocks affected by acid rain?