Review for Test 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Review for Test 2

Contrast and compare phonetics and phonology What are the goals of phonology Phoneme/phone/allophone/grapheme definitions Phonemic hypothesis

Broad vs. narrow transcription Phonetic vs. phonemic/phonological transcription

What does study with illiterate fishermen show? What does study with literate Chinese speakers who know pinyin or not show? How did they do these studies?

Pronunciation changes when a word appears in a sentence Give an example Pronunciation changes when a morpheme is added to a word Give and example

Complementary distribution Contrastive distribution Free variation What does it show? Contrastive distribution Free variation Overlapping distribution What does is show?

Minimal pair definition What are the parts of the syllable? What does it show? What are the parts of the syllable?

Sonorants vs. obstruents VOT-voice onset time

English stops differ in two ways Which is more important for English speakers? Word final stops as in “fad, fat” are distinguishable in two ways. Which is more important

What is the distribution of aspirated and unaspirated stops in English? Be able to do and interpret data from a Y diagram

Contrast and give examples of coronal, labial, and dorsal consonants Define and apply the features [voice, continuant, sonorant, lateral, nasal, labial, coronal, dorsal] to phones

Be able to understand the CV representation of assimilation of voicing, nasalization, place of articulation, etc. Be able to analyze a data set and determine phonemes and distribution

Define homorganic When a phone is in both contrastive and complementary distribution with another phone what does this signal?

What is an archiphoneme? When is it used? What are the secondary articulations? What do they entail

How can the degree of closure be measured between Spanish stops and approximants What contexts influence degree of closure in Spanish and how?

Do they exist in English? Are they contrastive in English? Define ejective, creaky voice, aspiration, breathy voice, phone length, implosives Do they exist in English? Give examples Are they contrastive in English?

Contrast and exemplify false and true geminates Give examples

What kinds of processes are lenition? What is fortition? Give examples What is fortition?