Chapter 11 Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Objective: Examine the decline of the Ottoman Empire & the rise of geopolitics in Muslim lands Vocabulary: Geopolitics, Crimean War, & Suez Canal New: If you controlled a country would you settle for having just enough for your own people or seek to expand to take over more land, knowing you will end up destroying the culture of the people you take over. (Explain your reasoning.) Review: List & explain the two basic methods of management used by the Europeans during Imperialism Provide one negative & one positive of Imperialism in Africa.

Setting the Stage The last 300 years of the Ottoman Empire was steadily declining in power Europeans competed with each other to gain control of the strategically important areas within the Ottoman Empire Europeans weren’t only looking at Africa as a source of raw materials

Ottoman Empire Loses Power The Ottomans made attempts to change but they were unable to hold off the European imperialist powers In 1830, Greece & Serbia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire The Ottomans’ weakness was apparent to European powers, who were expanding their territories Geopolitics: a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands Why would you attack a place based on their location? The Ottoman Empire waited too long to industrialize

Check for Understanding What are some location or products that you would fight to control if you were in charge of a country? Why? Sentence Starter: I would want to control _____ because ______________.

Europeans Grab Territory The Ottomans controlled access to the Mediterranean & the Atlantic sea trade Russia desired a port within the Mediterranean Sea Crimean War: a conflict in which the Ottoman Empire, with the aid of Britain & France, halted Russia expansion in the region of the Black Sea However, the Ottoman Empire continued to lose land The “Great Game” was a struggle between Great Britain & Russia over Muslim lands Crimean War: women led by Florence Nightingale, established their position as army nurses

Egypt Initiates Reforms Egypt initiated political & social reforms, in part to block European domination of its land The Ottoman Empire sent Muhammad Ali to govern Egypt However, he broke away & took control of it for himself Muhammad Ali began a series of reforms in the military & in the economy Suez Canal: human made water way, connecting the Red Sea & the Mediterranean Sea The British oversaw financial control of the canal & occupied Egypt in 1882 Why would Britain volunteer to finance the canal?

Persia Pressured to Change Russia & Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially & to bring it under their own spheres of influence Russia was interested in gaining access to the Persian Gulf & the Indian Ocean Britain’s interest in Persia increased after the discovery of oil Persia allowed businesses the right to operate in certain areas of their country In 1907, Russia & Britain took over Persia & divided it into spheres of influence

Chapter 11 Section 4 British Imperialism in India Objective: Summarize the impact of colonialism, rebellion, & the early nationalist movement in India Vocab: Sepoy, “Jewel in the Crown”, Sepoy Mutiny, & Raj

Setting the Stage British economic interest in India began in the 1600s with the British East India Company The Mughal Dynasty kept European traders under control The Mughal Empire fell apart in 1707 From 1757 until 1858, the East India Company was the leading power in India

British Expand Control Over India Originally British East India Company ruled India with little interference from the British Government The British East India Company had its own army, which was staffed by Sepoys (Indian Soldiers) At first the British treasured India more for its potential than for its actual profit Britain considered India the brightest “jewel in the crown,” the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies Why do you think the British started to take more control over the British East India Company? What do you think they are referring to when they say jewel in the crown?

British Transport Trade Goods India became valuable to the British after they established a railroad network there Raw materials were produced on plantations & shipped to ports India both benefited from & was harmed by British colonialism The traditional Indian life was changed by cash crops Sanitation & public health improved Schools & colleges were founded & literacy increased Missionaries harmed traditional Indian religion

The Sepoy Mutiny The British controlled most of the Indian subcontinent However, there were many pockets of discontent especially over religion Sepoy Mutiny: In 1857, rebellion of Hindu & Muslim soldiers against the British in India Raj: British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria Why would the British switch from the indirect control to direct control of India?

Check for Understanding After the Sepoy Mutiny would Britain implement direct or indirect rule in India? Why? Sentence Starter: The British would implement _____ control in India because ____________.

Nationalism Surfaces in India Some Indians began demanding more modernization & a greater role in governing themselves Nationalist feelings also started to surface Indians hated a system that made them second-class citizens in their own country Ending Child Marriages & Division of Classes