Drifting towards disunion Chapter 19 Drifting towards disunion

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Galvanized Northerners that slavery Was morally wrong South believed it was unfair Hinton Helper’s Impending Crisis Argued that slavery hurt poor Southern whites

“Bleeding Kansas” 1854-1858 Missouri “border ruffians” move into Kansas to influence the vote for slavery Abolitionist groups fund free-soil settlers Violence between sides, “Bleeding Kansas” Missourians organize pro-slavery govt. and the Lecompton (KS) Constitution Anti-slavery faction creates own govt in Lawrence, KS

Bleeding Kansas

John Brown, Abolitionist May, 1856 Retaliation for pro- slavery attack on Lawrence Kills 5 pro-slaveryites in Pottawtomie Creek

Election of 1856 Democrats-John Buchanan (PA)=popular sovereignty Republicans- Capt John Fremont= against extension of slavery in the territories “Know-Nothings”-ex Pres.Millard Fillmore =anti immigration, anti Catholic Buchanan wins-see map Lecompton Constitution (KS): would outlaw future slavery Endorsed by Buchanan

Election of 1856, Buchanan

Sumner-Brooks Affair 1856, Sumner (MA) speech “Crimes against Kansas” Preston Brooks (South) hit Charles Sumner (abolitionist) multiple times with a cane Affair reveals how inflamed tensions are

Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 1857 Slave who sued for his freedom Supreme Court ruled against him Ruled that 36’30” provision of Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional as it stripped the rights of slave owners to take their property when they moved All African-Americans were not citizens, thus ineligible to sue in federal court An individual’s property can NOT be denied under the U.S. Constitution Decision deepens the Northern/Southern rift

Lincoln - Douglas debates Over seat for Senate: Douglas won Freeport question Slavery in territories? Popular sovereignty or Dred Scott? Would lead to Republican nomination in 1860.

Panic of 1857 Overspeculation and inflation Bank and business (railroad) failure in mid 1857 Tariff Act of 1857: reduced tariff rate to 20% South feels it cotton economy is stronger than North because it weathered the Panic well.

John Brown and Harper’s Ferry, VA 1859 On orders from God, arm slaves to overthrow slavery and establish free African American state Reaction from North-a martyr, guided by a higher moral purpose Reaction from South- crazy man acting on orders from Northern Abolitionist, South more suspicious of Northern intentions

Lincoln Douglas Debates, 1858 Lincoln (Repub) challenged Douglas (Dem)to debates in advance of Illinois Senate election Freeport debate, Douglas had to defend popular sovereignty under the Dred Scott decision He said communities would have to pass and enforce laws to protect slavery for it to exist This opinion caused deeper division in Democratic Party. South felt it didn’t support Dred Scott decision. Douglas wins seat, Lincoln gains attention

Election of 1860 Republicans-Lincoln=accept slavery where it exists but oppose slavery in territories Democrats Split Northern Dem=Stephen Douglas & pop. sovereignty Southern Dem= John Breckinridge & extension of slavery in territories and annexation of Cuba LINCOLN WINS

Lincoln’s Republican Party Broad platform for wide appeal included: No slavery in the new territories A protective tariff Rights for immigrants Transcontinental railroad Federally finance infrastructure improvements Free homesteads for citizens on publicly held land South warned succession if Lincoln won

Secession South Carolina – unanimous vote 4 days after Lincoln’s election, Dec 1860 Initial 7 would form Confederate States of America, Feb 1861, Jefferson Davis President Assumed the North would let the suceed Crittenden Compromise- last attempt Protected right of slave owners to hold their own property below the 36’30” line Popular sovereignty in any new states Lincoln rejected. His party platform called for nonextension of slavery

Confederate States of America