BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages

Feed Grain Byproducts Residual materials from grains after extraction of starch and/or oil Processing concentrates remaining components –Protein –Fiber –Oil? –Minerals Protein quality of byproduct feeds is no better than the initial grain May contain additional components added in processing

Corn Processing Wet Milling

Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Wet Corn Processing Byproduct feed Corn grain Wet corn gluten feed Dry corn gluten feed Corn gluten meal Steep water Dry matter, % CP, % DM RDP, % of CP TDN, % DM NDF, % DM P, % DM S, % DM

Uses of Byproducts of Wet Corn Processing in Ration Formulation Corn gluten feed –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 30% of the diet DM in diets containing forage –Feed up to 90% of the diet DM in diets containing little or no forage (Monitor S status) Grazing cows and growing cattle –Can comprise entire supplement –Dairy cattle Lactating cows –Limit to 30% of the diet DM Growing heifers –Can comprise entire supplement, but do not feed free- choice –Swine Sows in gestation may receive as much as 90% CGF –Poultry Layers may receive as much as 30% CGF

Concerns with CGF –Storage of wet CGF In outdoor pile, wet CGF needs to be fed within week Can be ensiled by itself or mixed with forage –High sulfur content Limits amounts fed to ruminants –High fiber content Limits amounts fed to growing swine, poultry, and lactating dairy cows

Corn gluten meal –Beef cattle Feedlot –Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement –Provides rumen undegradable protein to cattle < 600 lb Cows –Not cost-effective –No need for rumen undegradable protein –Dairy cattle Lactating cows –Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement –Provides rumen undegradable protein –Swine Limit to < 5% of diet Lysine is limiting –Poultry Limit to <5% of diet Contains Xanthophyll –Imparts yellow pigment to skin and egg yolks

Steep water –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 12% of diet DM –Supplies energy and degradable N Growing cattle and cows –Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs –Dairy cattle Use up to 5% of diet –Swine Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of growing-finishing pigs –Poultry Can comprise up to 5% of diet

Corn Processing Dry Milling

Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Dry Corn Processing Byproduct feed Corn grain Wet distillers grains Modified distillers grains Dried distillers grains Condensed corn distillers solubles Dry matter, % CP, % DM RDP, % of CP TDN, % DM Fat, % DM NDF, % DM932 0 P, % DM S, % DM

Uses of Byproducts of Dry Corn Processing in Ration Formulation Distillers Grains with solubles –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 40% of the diet DM »Limited by the S content Grazing cows, growing cattle, and calves –Can comprise entire supplement –Dairy cattle Lactating cows –Limit to 20% of the diet DM Growing heifers –Limit to 15% of the diet DM –Do not feed wet DGS to heifers less than 6 mo –Swine Growing-finishing –Limit to 20% of diet DM –Poultry Limit to 15% of diet DM

Concerns with feeding DDGS –Sulfur content >.4% S in diet may be toxic to ruminants Toxicity risk may be prevented by supplemented with Thiamin –Fat content May reduce feed intake and fiber digestion in ruminants May cause milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows High level of unsaturated fatty acids may result in soft pork fat –Fiber content Limits use in nonruminants –Phosphorus content May cause urinary calculi in steers or lambs Need to add calcium supplement –Aflatoxin Concentrated 3 times the level in corn

Acceptable Aflatoxin Levels in Corn or DDGS Intended UseAlfatoxin level, ppb Lactating dairy cows, young animals <20 Growing dairy heifers<20 Breeding beef cattle, swine and mature poultry <100 Finishing swine<200 Finishing cattle<300

Condensed solubles –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 10% of diet DM Growing cattle and cows –Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs –Dairy cattle Use up to 5% of diet of lactating cows –Swine Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of growing-finishing pigs –Poultry Not used

Byproducts of Corn Meal Manufacture % of DMMain purpose FeedstuffCPCFFat Corn bran Fiber source Corn germ meal 20210Energy/protein source Hominy feed 1154Energy source

Wheat Milling

Byproduct Feeds from Wheat Milling % of DM FeedstuffCPCFFatPurpose Wheat bran15114Fiber source Wheat shorts 1875Energy source Wheat middlings Energy source Wheat germ28107Energy/Protein/ Vitamin source Primarily used in swine diets, but can be used in ruminant diets

Beer Brewing

Byproducts of Beer Brewing % of DM FeedstuffCPNDFFatPurpose Brewers grains 18467Protein Brewers yeast 47101B vitamins Brewers grains primarily in dairy and horse diets Not used in swine or poultry diets

Oat processing

Byproducts of Oat Processing % of DM FeedstuffCPNDFFatPurpose Oat groats1757Energy for young animals Oat hulls6781Fiber carrier for premixes