Female Reproductive System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kC6p1twkXk

Did you Know?    A new born baby girl is born with over 7 million egg cells (oocytes) in her ovaries. Most of the oocytes gradually waste away, leaving about 1 to 2 million present at birth. Between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, the ovaries of a female fetus contain 6 to 7 million oocytes Oocyte-immature egg

All are gone by menopause. Did you Know? Degeneration progresses more rapidly in the 10 to 15 years before menopause.  All are gone by menopause.  

Female Reproductive Anatomy Figure 27.11

Female Reproduction Classification Gonads Ovaries Oogenesis Estrogen & Progesterone Ducts Fallopian Tubes Uterus Cervix Endometrium Urethra Accessory Sex Glands Mammary Glands Vagina Hymen Supporting Structures Clitoris Labia Oogenesis-production of egg

Ovaries (Primary) Ova Production Estrogen & Progesterone Fallopian Tubes Receive ovulated oocyte Fertilization site Uterus Receives, retains, and nourishes fertilized egg

Endometrium Membrane lining uterus Houses fertilized egg Sloughs off when egg is not fertilized (Menstruation) Vagina Birth Canal Passageway for menstruation Primary organ of copulation

Female Reproductive Anatomy Ovaries primary female reproductive organs Make female gametes (ova-oocytes) Secrete sex hormones Estrogen Progesterone

PRODUCE & STORE oocytes Ovaries PRODUCE & STORE oocytes Ovulation – ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle Corpus luteum – ruptured follicle after ovulation

Ovulation- occurs mid-cycle, release of oocyte from ovary Ovarian Cycle Follicular Phase- maturation of the oocyte, typically lasts from days 1-14 Ovulation- occurs mid-cycle, release of oocyte from ovary Luteal Phase- after oocyte is ejected, typically lasts from days 14-28

Female Reproductive Anatomy Accessory ducts include uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina Internal genitalia – ovaries and the internal ducts (vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tubes)

Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts Receive ovulated oocyte Provide a site for fertilization Ciliated fingerlike projections called fimbriae sweep the egg into the fallopian tube

The fertilized egg (zygote) implants in the uterus FERTILIZATION normally occurs in the Fallopian Tubes The fertilized egg (zygote) implants in the uterus

Uterus Hollow, thick-walled organ located in the pelvis Carries baby until delivery Body – major portion of the uterus Fundus – rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes Isthmus – narrowed region between the body and cervix

Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly Uterus Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly Cervical canal – cavity of the cervix

Female Reproductive System External genitalia – external sex organs (labia and clitoris)

Vagina Thin-walled tube lying between bladder and rectum extends from cervix to exterior of the body Passageway for: Birth menstrual flow the organ of copulation

External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum) Clitoris - embryologically homologous to the penis a/k/a-female sex organ Hymen- membrane covering vaginal opening

Hormones-Female Reproductive System Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) In hypothalamus-causes release of LH & FSH Luteinizing hormone (LH) Pituitary gland-stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen & progesterone Triggers ovulation (release of egg) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) In pituitary gland-1st half of cycle-stimulates development of ovarian follicle & controls ovum (egg) production

Hormones-Female Reproductive System Progesterone Prepares endometrium (lining of uterus) for reception & dev of fertilized egg Enhances mammary gland milk production Estrogen Female reproductive hormone Produced by ovaries. Promotes maturation & release of an egg Development of breasts Pubic hair

Hysterectomy Removal of the Uterus Various Causes Radical vs. Complete

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFDatCchpus Crash Course-Female reproductive

Fetal Development

Fetal Development

Fetal Development

At the 8th week, the embryo is called a FETUS At 8 weeks Embryo, approximately 8 weeks from conception http://www.flickr.com/photos/lunarcaustic/3385925240/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kC6p1twkXk How a baby develops

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System Figure 27.1

Male Reproductive Classification Gonads Testicles Spermatogenesis (FSH) Testosterone Production (LH) Ducts Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Urethra Accessory Sex Glands Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Bulbourethral Gland Semen Supporting Structures Penis Erection Scrotum

Male Reproductive System Penis contains urethra which is passageway for urine and sperm ejaculate Testes produce immature sperm and male hormone testosterone Bulbourethral Gland Secretes alkaline base to neutralize acid before ejaculation Secrets mucous to line urethra before ejaculation for protection

Male Reproductive System Prostate Gland Assists sperm before ejaculation by providing fluid excretions Enlarges as you get older Epididymis Site of sperm maturation Seminal Vesicle Secrete liquid portion of semen Fructose – ATP for sperm Prostaglandins – Sperm motility Aids in neutralizing female reproductive tract

The Penis: Anatomy Erection – Parasympathetic reflex Occurs from blood rushing into cavernous artery causing vascular tissue in spongy body to constrict thus cutting off outflow of blood

Male Reproductive System Accessory sex glands: Empty their secretions into the ducts during ejaculation Include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

The Scrotum Sac - superficial fascia Hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity at root of penis Contains paired testicles separated by a septum Must hang outside of the body - sperm must remain 30 lower in temp for viable reproduction.

The Scrotum Intrascrotal temperature is kept constant by two sets of muscles: Cremaster – bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes Dartos - smooth muscle that allow rise and fall

The Testes Seminiferous tubules: Site of the production & maturation of sperm cells Converge to form tubulus rectus then to rete testis sperm leave testis via efferent ductules & enter epididymis

Path of Sperm

The Penis Internal penis – the urethra and cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue Erectile tissue – spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle riddled with vascular spaces Corpus spongiosum – surrounds the urethra and expands to form the glans and bulb of the penis Corpora cavernosa – paired dorsal erectile bodies Erection – during sexual excitement, the erectile tissues fill with blood causing the penis to enlarge and become rigid

Epididymis Non-motile sperm enter, pass through its tubes and become motile Collects & stores sperm Upon ejaculation the epididymis contracts, expelling sperm into the vas deferens

Ductus Deferens and Ejaculatory Duct Propels sperm from the epididymis to the urethra Vasectomy – cutting and ligating the ductus deferens, which is a nearly 100% effective form of birth control

Urethra - Conveys both urine and semen (at different times) Consists of three regions: Prostatic – portion surrounded by the prostate Membranous – lies in the urogenital diaphragm Spongy or penile – runs through the penis and opens to the outside at the external urethral orifice

Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles Lie on the posterior wall of the bladder and secrete 60% of the volume of semen Join the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland Doughnut-shaped gland Contains enzymes encircles part of urethra Plays a role in activation of sperm Enters the prostatic urethra during ejaculation

Accessory Glands: Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands) Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate Produce thick, clear mucus prior to ejaculation Neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates the penis

Disorders Erectile Dysfunction Prostatic Hypertrophy Infertility Enlarged Prostate Gland Infertility Sperm Analyzed First Count Motility pH Fructose Content Ducts Blocked Hormonal Inbalance Pesticides Alcohol & Drugs Antibiotics

Crytorchidism Undescending Testicle NO spermatogenesis due to temperature Higher risk of Testicular Cancer

Inguinal Hernia Protrusion of the small intestine due to an tear of the abdominal wall in the inguinal area

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Herpes Gonorrhea Syphilis Genital Warts