E XTERNALITIES FROM G RAIN C ONSUMPTION : A S URVEY Matthew Metzgar, PhD SUNY Alfred State College.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Vitamins and Your Health
Advertisements

Type 2 Diabetes – An Overview
Chapter 8 The Rest of the Good Nutrition Line-up.
1 Tips for Using MyPyramid Meet the Grain Group. 2 Grains are good for you! Eating foods rich in fiber, such as whole grains, provides several health.
0 - 0.
Physical Education PD March 14, What is the most serious public health issue today?
The “Great Mimic” Disease
4.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information 14.02DDietary Guidelines
New Insights about Beef and Heart Health February 2012.
2012 / 2013 Benefits Open Enrollment Murray School District.
Understanding Nutrition Labelling to Make Informed Food Choices.
Addition 1’s to 20.
Is it True? Lose the Fat, Keep the Vitamins-Drink LowFat Milk Source: Sacramento County WIC Program.
Section 9.3 Nutrition for Individual Needs Objectives
Section 8.2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Objectives
Nutrition and Aging Provided Courtesy of Nutrition411.com
Economic Impact of a Sedentary Lifestyle. Exercise and Body Composition The health care costs associated with obesity treatment were estimated at $117.
Diet and Autoimmune Disease Danielle DeSalvo. Autoimmune Diseases Characterized by an over active immune reaction in which the body attacks it’s own tissues.
Gluten Brenna Kress, Brie Jones, Bre Yarnall, Carrie Ufkes, Stephanie Lawrence-Lujan, Karla Barron.
By Judi Adams, MS, RD President The Foundation for the Advancement of Grain Based Foods Response to presentations Understanding Demand Shifts for Grain-Based.
5.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
GRAINS AND FIBER GRAINS, GLORIOUS GRAINS. Grains are the primary source of carbohydrates needed to provide fuel for the body.
Classifications of Gluten Sensitivity Defining Celiac Disease Grace Coughlan Taylor Nicholson.
Gloria and the Great Gluten Debacle Ashley Ahlers.
Slyter Nutrition Consulting Services
Nutrition Facts Label Presented by Janice Hermann, PhD, RD/LD OCES Adult and Older Adult Nutrition Specialist.
+ Were Hunters and Gatherers Really Healthier Than Us? An Evidence Based Look at the Paleolithic Diet By: Kelsey Starck.
My Dietary Related Disease that I have chosen is: Coeliac Disease.
Gluten Free Diet Accommodating the Gluten Free Diet in The PCH Setting.
© Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Understanding Australia’s health This area of study includes: –Measuring the health status of Australians using life expectancy,
Coeliac Disease INSERT PRESENTERS NAME. What is Coeliac disease? Coeliac disease affects approximately 1 in 100 Australians. However 75% currently remain.
Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Exercise and Sport Nutrition Chapter 6.
4. Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Chapter 10: Special Topics in Adults & Chronic Diseases: Nutrition and Public Health Judith Sharlin, PhD, RD.
1 Guidelines for Healthy Eating Department of Applied Science King Saud University/ Community College By: Murad Sawalha.
PROMOTING GOOD NUTRITION Chapter 9. Nutritional Policies are important in Child Care Child care facilities serve at least 1 meal a day to about 5 million.
Food Choices Teen years demand more nutrients and calories than any other time of life Poor Diet could lead to….. Heart Disease Obesity Cancer Osteoporosis.
NHPA’s. What are they? National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) are diseases and conditions chosen for focused attention at a national level because of.
Fiber Powerpoint Templates.
Chapter 7: Special Topics in School-Age Nutrition: Pediatric Vegetarianism, Childhood Obesity, and Food Allergies Reed Mangels, PhD, RD, Inger Stallmann,
UNIT 5 SEMINAR NS 220 Module 5: Vitamins and Health.
 A healthy diet is the diet that keeps the body in balance, or homeostasis.
Barrie Lynne Sutton Keene State College Dietetic Intern 2014/15.
Nutrition for Healthy Adults Darwin Deen, MD, MS March, 2001.
Plan For Change By Group 5. Identified problem: Obesity Ineffective Health Maintenance The people of Grand Traverse County have a lack of familiarity.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Terms to know  Dietary Reference Intakes  Estimated Average Requirement  Recommended Dietary Allowance  Adequate.
The First MEDICEL Meeting Cairo 30 th April to 1 st May 30 th April to 1 st May Prof. Luigi Greco Dr. Laura Timpone Following ESPGHAN PROTOCOL REVISION.
GRAINS AND FIBER GRAINS, GRAINS, GLORIOUS GRAINS.
Organic Pet Supplies MyRightBuy.com. Benefits of Organic Pet Supplies Organic products are eco-friendly as well and production of these foods is totally.
©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 4 Common Chronic Medical Conditions Affecting Children’s Health.
Journal 1/23 What is something that you noticed in your food journal that you could change to be healthier? About how much water were you drinking each.
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position Paper: Vegetarian Diets
5.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
Chapter 11 Diet and Health
A Look at College Students’ Nutritional Knowledge
Understanding Nutritional Standards and Guidelines
GRAINS, GRAINS, GLORIOUS GRAINS
GRAINS, GRAINS, GLORIOUS GRAINS
5.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
5.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
5.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
Dietary Guideline #4 Food Groups to Encourage
GRAINS, GRAINS, GLORIOUS GRAINS
4.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
4.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
5.02D Sources for Credible Nutrition and Fitness Information
Gluten Free Diet: Necessity for Celiac Disease By: SkyRoots.
Why Does It Matter What We Eat?
Nutrition MythBusters
Presentation transcript:

E XTERNALITIES FROM G RAIN C ONSUMPTION : A S URVEY Matthew Metzgar, PhD SUNY Alfred State College

I NTRODUCTION The USDAs MyPyramid plan recommends grain consumption for all Americans For an average female, 6 ounces of grain per day are recommended, split equally between whole and refined grains Grains are generally thought to have positive effects on health With public healthcare spending rising to record levels, dietary guidelines should be crafted to maximize health and decrease spending 2

P OSITIVE E XTERNALITIES OF W HOLE G RAINS Consumption of whole grains has an inverse correlation with chronic disease Cardiovascular Disease Type 2 diabetes Hypertension Whole grain consumption is also correlated with lower body weight in adults Whole grain consumption is inversely related to a number of cancers – stomach, bladder, kidney, and colorectal cancers 3

P OSITIVE E XTERNALITIES OF R EFINED G RAINS Refined grains are fortified with vitamins and minerals to prevent certain disease conditions Refined grain fortification were successful in eliminating beriberi and pellagra Iron fortification in refined grains has been effective in preventing anemia Folic acid fortification in refined grains has helped reduce neural tube defects 4

R EFINED G RAINS Consumption of refined grains versus whole grains has different impacts on chronic disease There is no relationship between refined grain consumption and cardiovascular disease Consumption of refined grains has no impact or may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes Refined grain consumption has no effect on hypertension 5

N EGATIVE E XTERNALITIES OF R EFINED G RAIN Consumption of refined grains has an unclear impact on body weight with some studies showing it may increase the risk of obesity Refined grain consumption increases the risk of certain cancers – stomach, large bowel, esophagus, oral cavity, and the larynx 6

N EGATIVE E XTERNALITIES OF G RAINS Celiac disease – an autoimmune disease where a person has an immune reaction to the protein gluten which is found in the specific grains wheat, rye, and barley The prevalence of celiac disease is approximately 1% of large populations Celiac disease is four times as common as it was 50 years ago Celiac disease is often undiagnosed and leads to significantly increased health care costs 7

A UTOIMMUNE D ISEASES Gluten has been implicated in a number of other autoimmune conditions Gluten can increase intestinal permeability and may trigger a variety of autoimmune diseases The prevalence of autoimmune disease in the U.S. is approximately 3.2 percent This is roughly the same prevalence as cancer 8

A UTOIMMUNE D ISEASES Type 1 Diabetes Gluten is hypothesized to be a trigger Two studies show a gluten-free diet produces positive outcomes for subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Rheumatoid Arthritis Similarities to celiac disease Two studies show positive effects of a gluten-free diet Psoriasis Markers of latent celiac disease are present in patients with psoriasis Gluten-free diet can improve outcomes 9

M ENTAL H EALTH Sensitivity to gluten has been linked to neurological problems Gluten sensitivity has been linked to depression Sensitivity to gluten may impact schizophrenia A gluten-free diet led to a dramatic reduction in symptoms for a subset of schizophrenia patients 10

A STHMA AND A LLERGIES A growing number of children have wheat hypersensitivity Exposure to gluten may increase the risk of asthma in these children Children with sensitivity to wheat later developed sensitivity to pollen 25.3% of patients with allergic rhinitis had a positive skin prick test to a mix of cereals 11

D ISCUSSION Recommending 50% whole grain and 50% refined grain consumption may lead to uncertain outcomes Based on some evidence, this mix may actually lead to negative outcomes Recent research shows that as the share of refined grain consumption increases, so does the risk of obesity Benefits of whole grains in terms of reduced weight decrease as refined grain consumption increases 12

D ISCUSSION Refined grain consumption does have positive benefits and reduces health care spending on certain conditions: Anemia Neural tube defects 13

D ISCUSSION Recommending grains for everyone while ignoring celiac disease creates negative externalities Given a prevalence rate of 1% and the US population of around 300 million, this estimates that 3 million Americans have celiac disease This group may or may not be aware of their condition and is being given dietary recommendations to consume a substantial amount of grains 14

D ISCUSSION Fassano (2009) recommended for mass screening of celiac disease Shamir (2006) showed that this screening would be cost-effective Adding screening for celiac disease to the current dietary recommendations could result in more efficient public policy 15

D ISCUSSION Gluten sensitivity creates negative health outcomes in a variety of areas: Mental Health Asthma Allergies An alternative dietary recommendation could be to deemphasize the gluten-containing grains: wheat, barley, and rye This would protect those with gluten sensitivity This change may be difficult since wheat flour is currently consumed in large amounts 16

E CONOMIC B URDEN The economic burden of major diseases is quite substantial: Cardiovascular Disease - $149 billion Type 2 Diabetes - $159 billion Hypertension - $73.4 billion Cancer - $228.1 billion Obesity - $215 billion 17

E CONOMIC B URDEN The economic burden of conditions negatively affected by grain consumption is also significant Celiac Disease – unknown Type 1 Diabetes - $14.4 billion Rheumatoid Arthritis - $39.2 billion Psoriasis - unknown Asthma - $12.7 billion Allergies - $1.2 billion Mental Health - $317.6 billion 18

C ONCLUSION Is recommending grain consumption for all Americans good public policy? More research is needed into the relationship between grains and disease conditions Replacement foods must be considered in alternative dietary recommendations Fruits and vegetables have the highest nutrient density but are also more expensive Alternative dietary guidelines may be able to improve public health and reduce the economic burden of disease 19

T HANK Y OU Matthew Metzgar, PhD SUNY Alfred State College