review material chapters two & five

unit I review material

acids & bases HCl  H+ + Cl acid base dissociates into H+ dissociates into OH NaOH  Na+ + OH Figure 2.6

acid-base balance H+ in solution expressed as pH pH = -log [H+] increasing [H+] increases acidity increasing [OH-] increases alkalinity Figure 2.7

enzyme activity enzymes denatured by temperature and pH Figure 5.6 Figure 5.5b Figure 5.5a

A + B A–B  A + B A–B  chemical reactions making or breaking of bonds between atoms result in change in chemical energy potential kinetic energy exergonic reactions release energy endergonic reactions absorb energy A + B A–B Atom, ion, or molecule A  Atom, ion, or molecule B Molecule AB A + B A–B Atom, ion, or molecule A  Atom, ion, or molecule B New molecule AB

microbial metabolism catabolism anabolism energy-releasing processes energy-using processes Figure 5.1