Volume 54, Issue 3, Pages 765-774 (September 1998) α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits renal injury in the absence of neutrophils  Hsi Chiao, Yukimasa Kohda, Paul McLeroy, Leonard Craig, Stuart Linas, Robert A. Star  Kidney International  Volume 54, Issue 3, Pages 765-774 (September 1998) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effect of α-MSH in background and ICAM-1 knock-out mice. Mice were subjected to 40minutes ischemia, received vehicle or 25 μg α-MSH just before clamp release, placed on a low potassium diet, and sacrificed after 24hours. Data shown as mean ± standard error. *P < 0.05. Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Typical renal histology of outer stripe of outer medulla. Sections stained with Ledar stain for neutrophils (pink, arrowheads). (A) Background mouse, vehicle. (B) ICAM-1 knock-out mouse, vehicle. (C) Background mouse, α-MSH. (D) ICAM-1 knock-out mouse, α-MSH. Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of α-MSH on semiquantitative histologic changes (tissue necrosis and erythrocyte congestion). The Methods section contains a description of the methodology. Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Effect of α-MSH on the number of neutrophils in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. Neutrophil counts expressed as mean ± 1 standard error. Symbols are: (▪) vehicle; (░) α-MSH. *P < 0.05 versus vehicle. **P < 0.05 versus background. Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Outer medullary ICAM-1 mRNA by RNA blotting. RNA (20 μg/lane) was electrophoresed and blotted for ICAM-1. Each lane represents RNA from a single animal. Blot shown is representative of two similar experiments. Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Effect of α-MSH on kidney function. (A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (B) Tubular sodium reabsorption (TNa) following 20minutes of ischemia in vivo and perfusion without neutrophils by the isolated kidney technique. The shaded area represents normal values for non-ischemic kidneys. Data from L-NNA were obtained from16. Symbols are: (○) vehicle; (•) α-MSH; (▵) L-NNA; (♦) L-NNA + α-MSH. N = 5 experiments for vehicle and α-MSH studies, and N = 3 for α-MSH and L-NNA studies. Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Effect of α-MSH on LPS and IFN-γ stimulated nitrite production in mouse cortical tubule (MCT) cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Symbols are: (□) control; (▪) α-MSH.*P < 0.05 versus control (no α-MSH). Kidney International 1998 54, 765-774DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00075.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions