Announcements Final Exam: Friday, May 14th at 8:00 am

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Announcements Final Exam: Friday, May 14th at 8:00 am What to Bring: Calculator No. 2 Pencils Two pages of notes Format: Multiple choice (scantron) Review Session: Wednesday, May 12th at 10:00am IRC 3

Determine the pH of a weak acid solution from [acid] What is the pH of a 0.15M solution of HF?

Predicting the pH of a weak acid: HCN What is the pH of a 0.23M solution of HCN? Ka= 4.0 x 10-10

Determine the pH of a strong base solution from [base] What is the pH of a 0.15M solution of Ca(OH)2?

Polyprotic acids can donate >1 proton H2CO3 HCO3- CO32- H3PO4 H2PO4 - HPO4 2- PO4 3-

How to determine whether a salt will be acidic or basic Most acids are neutral Most bases are anions Salts Look at cation and anion Determine whether ions are acid/base/neutral NH4+ = only acidic cation Anions that are conjugates of strong A/B = neutral Ions determine acidity/basicity of compound

Examples: Determining acid/base character of a salt Compound Cation Anion Acidic or Basic? NaCN KNO3 NH4Cl NaHCO2 Na2CO3 NH4CN

What makes an acid strong or weak? H-A → H+ + A- To act as an acid, two things must happen: H-A bond must break “A” takes both electrons to make “A-”

Acid strength is related to bond strength and electronegativity As bond strength increases, acid strength decreases As electronegativity increases, acid strength increases

Lewis Acids and Bases

Lewis Acid Examples