Chapter 18 Cold War Conflicts #30 Section 1: Origins of the Cold War OBJECTIVE: Understand how the U.S. and U.S.S.R. fell into conflict.

Verbal Questions (Do Not Copy) Intro Questions Verbal Questions (Do Not Copy) How did the U.S. and Soviet Union establish themselves as superpowers following WWII? Give one reason why the following countries would not be considered superpowers following WWII: - Japan - Italy - Germany - Britain – France

Section 1 Intro The U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged from WWII as two “superpowers” with different political and economic systems.

I. U.S.- Soviet Relations U.S. suspicious of Stalin because he had been Hitler’s ally (Nazi-Soviet Pact). Stalin resents that the U.S. delayed attacking vs. Germany (D-Day) and hid atomic bomb.

II. The United Nations 1945, United Nations established as a new peacekeeping body. U.N. becomes arena where U.S. and U.S.S.R. compete for power.

III. Former Allies Clash Potsdam Conference: July 1945 with U.S., USSR, and Great Britain. Clement Attlee replaced Churchill and Harry Truman replaced FDR. Stalin does not allow free elections in Poland and banned democratic parties.

IV. Tension Mounts Truman becomes convinced that U.S. and Soviet aims deeply at odds. Soviets want reparations from Germany; Truman objects. Agree to take reparations mainly from own occupation zones.

U.S. emerges from WWII as great economic power. Wants Eastern European raw materials and markets.

Soviets tighten their control on Eastern Europe. Soviets have great economic and military strength. Unlike U.S., Soviets suffer heavy devastation on own soil. Install communist rule in satellite nations, countries it dominates.

U.S. establishes a policy of containment --- measures to contain the spread of communism. Churchill describes division of Europe as “iron curtain”.