The Formation of Protestant Churches in Europe
The Great Schism Papal court moved to Avignon, France Stays there 70 years 1378 pope moves back to Rome—no one likes him—so new pope elected- now there are 2 popes Who do you recognize? Don’t know?? SO…. Elect a 3rd pope!! Finally, 1417, schism is fixed and single pope rules
Gregory XI Moves papacy back to Rome Urban VI Italian pope—seen as bad Clement VII Elected as rival pope
Corruption Simony—paying for offices or positions in church Indulgences—pardon for sins committed during person’s lifetime Church World: Popes and priests worldly, lavish lifestyle Many priest illiterate
Martin Luther: A Monk Gone Bad
95 Theses List of arguments against indulgences Luther posted list on church doors in Wittenberg, spread with aid of printing press Argued Christians could only be saved through faith
Putting up the Dukes with Pope Church tries to get Luther to recant (give up his views) Luther refuses Pope excommunicates Luther (throws him out of Church) Luther burns Papal Bull Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, summons Luther to diet (court) at Worms A “bulla”
Putting up the Dukes with the Pope Luther must defend his writings – so goes to Diet Emperor orders him to recant Luther refuses “I cannot and will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand.”
Luther Hides but his Ideas Spread Luther branded outlaw One of his supporters, a Prince, hides Luther at his castle Luther is hailed a hero in Germany His ideas spread to other parts of Europe
Such as Switzerland… Predestination Another reformer believed salvation came through faith …….. JOHN CALVIN BUT he argued that God alone decided who would get salvation—this is predestination
John Calvin
Creating a theocracy and model community Builds community in Geneva, Switzerland Set up theocracy – church run state Community stressed hard work, discipline, thrift Fines for swearing, laughing in church, and dancing
Meanwhile in England . . . Henry VIII
Desiring a Son Originallly an opponent of Reformation, even called “Defender of the Faith” by Pope But when wife, Catherine of Aragon, niece of Holy Roman emperor, cannot give Henry a boy, he wants annulment
No Help from the Pope Pope refuses, does not want to alienate Holy Roman emperor SO Henry appoints new archbishop who annuls his marriage, and he marries Ann Boleyn
Creating his own Church Breaks completely with Rome Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, making Henry head of a new Church, the Church of England (or Anglican Church) Takes over Catholic land and makes England a Protestant country