8.1:Chromosomes Chromosome Numbers Do Now:

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Presentation transcript:

8.1:Chromosomes Chromosome Numbers Do Now: 1. If human cells contain 46 chromosomes, how many chromatids does each cell contain? 2. Complete your vocabulary chart for the terms CHROMOSOME, HISTONE, CHROMATID, and CENTROMERE, using the definitions given at the bottom of the page. Chromosome Numbers

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Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes Human and animal chromosomes are categorized as autosomes or sex chromosomes. Sex Chromosomes determine an organisim’s sex. All of the others are called autosomes Typical human male 44 autosomes, 1 X sex chromosome 1 Y sex chromosome Typical human female 44 autosomes, 2 X sex chromosomes

Homologous Chromosomes Every cell contains two copies of each autosome. To put it another way, autosomes come in pairs. These two chromosomes are called HOMOLOGUS CHROMOSOMES. Genes for eye color are found at The same location on both Chromosomes. The gene for brown Eyes I got from my dad is in exactly The same location on one chromosome As the gene for blue eyes I got from my Mom on the other homologous Chromosome. Specific genes are found in the Same location on each homolugous Chromosome. Consider me for example…

Diploid and Haploid Cells Cells are considered diploid when they have 2 copies of each chromosome. Most of your body’s cells are diploid. Cells are haploid if they have only one copy of each chromosome pair. This is the case for gametes, like sperm and egg cells, used for reproduction.

Diploid vs. Haploid

Karyotypes A karyotype is a picture of all the chromosomes in a dividing cell. A karyotype of one of your cells might look something like this:

Get familiar with that vocabulary! 1. Complete the worksheet you picked up today 2. Homework: Read pp. 146-147 “chromosome numbers” ANSWER SR #1, 4 on p. 147.