Blood Typing ABO

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ABO Blood Group NOTE: A and B are codominant Three alleles A, B, O or IA, IB, i Phenotypes of Blood types: A B AB O NOTE: A and B are codominant

Drop of Blood Red blood cells have antigens Plasma has antibodies Don’t mix same letter antigens with antibodies

Antigens on RBC antigens antibodies

Antigens on surface Rh A

B antigens on surface Rh B

Both A and B antigens on surface Rh

Alleles and antibodies Anti-A Anti-B A B AB none None Clump

Agglutination (clumping) Animation: Cytotoxic (Type II Hypersensitivity)

Official Blood Test Card

Blood Typing Simulation A sera is colored blue B sera is colored yellow Rh sera is colorless

ABO Blood Type ABO Blood Typing

Type A + A Rh B

Type B Pos A Rh B

Type AB+ A Rh B

Type O neg. A Rh B

Rh+ and Rh- dominant Rh positive gene (+) produces the Rh antigen recessive Rh negative gene (-) does not produce an antigen

Rh+/Rh+ Rh+/Rh- Rh+ Rh-/Rh- = Rh-

(DD) or (Dd) = Rh+ (dd) = Rh- (they do not have the key Rh antigens).

Rh + or - ? Anti-Rh antibodies .

O positive and negative blood

Donating Blood

Best Blood If you include the Rh factor, then the universal donor becomes O Negative while the universal recipient becomes AB Positive.

Percentages in U.S. O Positive 38.4% A Positive 32.3% B Positive 09.4% O Negative 07.7% A Negative 06.5% AB Positive 03.2% B Negative 01.7% AB Negative 00.7%