THE BACK

VISUAL LANDMARKS EOP SPINOUS C7 ILIAC CREST L4 SCAPULA

SCAPULA LATERAL/ GLENOID SUPERIOR SUPERIOR MEDIAL INFERIOR LATERAL TRIANGULAR BONE MEDIAL BORDERS ANGLES SPINE ACROMION ARTICULATIONS CLAVICLE HUMERUS INFERIOR LATERAL

SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA THIN SKIN RELATIVELY THIN SUPERFICIAL FASCIA POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVES

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLES TRAPEZIUS LATISSIMUS DORSI Functional anatomy

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES (Cont.) RHOMBOID (MAJOR AND MINOR) LEVATOR SCAPULAE Functional anatomy

INTERMEDIATE MUSCLES SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR Functional anatomy

DEEP MUSCLES SPLENIUS MUSCLES Functional anatomy

THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA DEEP SUPERFICIAL 2 OR 3 LAYERS THORACIC LEVELS: TWO LAYERS LUMBAR LEVELS: 3 LAYERS DEEP Functional anatomy

THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA CON’T SURROUNDS ERRECTOR SPINAE INJURY LEADS TO COMPARTMENT SYNDROME PAIN & STRAIGHTENING OF LUMBAR LORDOSIS (Peck et al, 1986)

SACROSPINALIS (ERECTOR SPINAE) GROUP COMMON ORIGIN: ILIOCOSTALIS MUSCLES LONGISSIMUS MUSCLES SPINIALIS MUSCLES ACTIONS: INNERVATION: Functional anatomy

SEMISPINALIS MUSCLES SEMISPINALIS THORACICIS SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS Functional anatomy

SMALL, DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK MULTIFIDUS ROTATORES INTERSPINALIS (NOT SEEN) INTERTRANSVERSARII LEVATOR COSTARUM Functional anatomy

SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE DEEP TO SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS BOUNDARIES: RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJ. SUPERIOR OBLIQUOUS CAPITIS INFERIOR OBLIQUOUS CAPITIS Functional anatomy

SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE MUSCLES: SUP. OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INF. OBLIQUUS CAPITIS RECTUS CAPITIS POST. MAJ. RECTUS CAPITIS POST. MIN. Functional anatomy

SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE ARTERIES VERTEBRAL ARTERY OCCIPITAL ARTERY (NOT SHOWN) Functional anatomy

REDUCED BLOOD SUPPLY VERTEBRAL A. PROLONGED TURNING OF THE HEAD CAUSES DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, BLURRY VISION ARTERIOSCLEROSIS COMPRESSION SECONDARY TO DJD

SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE NERVES SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE Functional anatomy

ARTHROLOGY

JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL BODIES INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ANULUS FIBROSUS NUCLEUS PULPOSUS SYNDESMOSES ANT. LONG. LIG. POST. LONG. LIG. Functional anatomy

JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL ARCH: ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINTS GLIDING JOINT SYNDESMOSES LIGAMENTUM FLAVA INTERSPINUS LIG. SUPRASPINOUS LIG. INTERTRANSVERSUS LIG. (NOT SHOWN) Functional anatomy

ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS PIVOT JOINT BETWEEN DENS AND ANTERIOR ARCH OF C1 SYNOVIAL JOINT UNIAXIAL (PIVOT) SHAKING HEAD “NO” Functional anatomy

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINTS OCCIPITAL CONDYLES & C1 SYNOVIAL JOINT OCCIPITAL BONE AND ATLAS UNIAXIAL SHAKING HEAD “YES” Functional anatomy