Monroe’s Presidency and Everyday Life Lesson 3.6

Guiding Questions What role did regional differences play in the early republic? How did John Marshall’s Supreme Court expand the power of the federal government? What was President Monroe’s foreign policy? What was life like in the early republic?

sectionalism narrow-minded concern for or devotion to the interests of one section of a country, rather than the country as a whole

American System Proposed economic plan to support and protect American industry, 3 parts: Protective tariffs Federal banking Funds for roads and canals

Interstate commerce the purchase, sale or exchange of commodities, transportation of people, money or goods, and navigation of waters between different states

Monroe Doctrine United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823

intervention interference by a country in another's affairs

All these decisions established a strong central government. 3.6 Reading Notes Supreme Court Cases McCulluch v Maryland Gibbons v Ogden Trustees of Dartmouth College v Woodward Fletcher v Peck Decisions McCulluch: Congress has the power to create a national bank Gibbons: Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce Trustees: protected contracts, states cannot interfere with private coroporations Fletcher: states not allowed to regulate business corporations All these decisions established a strong central government.

Cornell Notes Section 3.6 Essential Question: What major United States policies developed during James Monroe’s Presidency?

1. Era of Good Feelings

Era of Good Feelings In 1816 Monroe ran for President as a Democratic-Republican, and defeated Federalist candidate Rufus King Monroe’s presidency ushered in what was known as the “Era of Good Feelings.” an era of peace, pride and progress created by: 1) Unity created by the War of 1812 2) Expansion of United States borders 3) Increased economic opportunity for citizens 4) Reduced political division Emphasis on national unity was supported by two Supreme Court cases which enforced federal power: McCulloch v Maryland (1819): Court supported the ‘implied powers’ of Congress in creating a national bank Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Court said that states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce Despite the era’s name, Monroe would have to manage territorial conflicts with Spain, as well as division created by increased sectionalism arising in the United States

2. Establishing Foreign Policy

Establishing Foreign Policy The growing sense of pride would lead to the United States being more assertive in establishing its regional sovereignty Rush- Bagot Agreement: Limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both the United States and British Canada Convention of 1818: Set the border between the U.S. and Canada at 49*N Latitude, as far west as the Rocky Mountains Adams-Onis Treaty: Under this treaty, Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in return for U.S. land claims in what is now Texas, and pay $5 million dollars in U.S. citizens claims against Spain Resulted from Andrew Jackson’s unauthorized invasion of Florida in the first Seminole Wars, Jackson took over Spanish outposts and overthrew the Spanish Governor Monroe Doctrine: Assertion of American foreign policy, warning European nations not to interfere in the Americas (Largely supported by Britain). Had 4 central points: 1) U.S. would not interfere in affairs of European nations 2) U.S. would recognize current European colonies in the Americas 3) Western hemisphere was off limits for future European colonization 4) U.S. would view any attempt to interfere with or colonize another nation in the western hemisphere as a hostile act

3. Nationalism and Sectionalism

Nationalism and Sectionalism Growing nationalism led to projects to unify and grow the economy of the United States Kentucky Senator Henry Clay developed the American System- a series of measures to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient Proposed making interstate trade easier, and internal improvements like canals and roads Cumberland Road: First Road built by the federal government Erie Canal: Ran from Albany, NY to Buffalo, NY and connected the Great Lakes region with the coast But the growth of America led to increasing sectionalism- disagreements and different priorities found in the three regions The issue of slavery was especially heated as territory expanded and new slave states entered the union Missouri Compromise: Settles the conflict of Missouri’s application for statehood (Which had violated the previous Mason-Dixon line slavery boundary) 1) Missouri would enter the union as a slave state 2) Maine would enter as a free state, maintaining an even balance 3) Slavery would be prohibited north of 36*30 latitude (Missouri’s southern border)