Antebellum Reform Movements Unit 5, Lesson 3

Essential Idea The “Era of the Common Man” and the Second Great Awakening caused people to push for reforms.

Era of the “Common Man” Event: Era of the Common Man Cause: Starting in the 1820s, universal white male suffrage spread Effects: Andrew Jackson, a “common man,” was elected Candidates had to campaign to appeal to common people The common man gained more influence in government

Second Great Awakening Event: Second Great Awakening Cause: Americans were less religious, especially after the Enlightenment emphasized science and reason Effect: People looked to THEMSELVES to be saved, not church authority Common people had more influence in their religion Many wanted reforms to fix “sins” in society, especially slavery

Antebellum Reform Combined Effect: The country experienced a period of REFORM The Era of the Common Man gave people more power in government The Second Great Awakening gave people more power in religion Combined, people felt empowered to use the GOVERNMENT to REFORM “sins” in society Issues to Reform: Treatment of mentally ill, prison conditions, education, abuse of alcohol, and slavery Women, also wanting more power, began pushing for equal rights

Reforms: Mental Hospitals Issue 1: Mental hospitals Reform: Dorothea Dix—exposed inhumane treatment of the mentally ill States created mental hospitals, not prisons, to give the mentally ill proper help

Reforms: Prisons Issue 2: Prisons Reforms: Prisoners were treated inhumanely were sometimes jailed just for being in debt Prisons began focusing more rehabilitating prisoners and “debtors’ prison” was abolished

Reforms: Public Education Issue 3: Public education Reforms: Education was only affordable for the wealthy Many believed the country could only survive if citizens were educated Horace Mann—pushed for public, tax-supported schools with required attendance

Reforms: Temperance Issue 4: Alcohol abuse Reforms: Many saw alcohol abuse as the root of society’s problems Temperance—moderation of alcohol use The American Temperance Society convinced many to reduce alcohol use and some states banned the sale of liquor

The Women’s Rights Movement Effect of Industrial Revolution: Roles of men and women changed during industrialization Men and women had “separate spheres” Men’s Sphere: Men left home to work in factories Men were active outside the home in politics and reform

“True Womanhood” Women’s Sphere: Women stayed at home to care for the home and children Women were not very active outside the home

Reform: Women’s Rights Women and Reform: Women saw taking care of society as an extension of taking care of the home Women resented men giving them secondary roles in reform Women, like men during the “Era of the Common Man,” wanted more power in government and society

Reform: Women’s Rights Issue 5: Women’s Rights Events: Seneca Falls Convention—started the organized women’s rights movement in the United States in 1848 Declaration of Sentiments—declared men and women to be EQUAL Elizabeth Cady Stanton—demanded women’s SUFFRAGE (right to vote) Seneca Falls Convention Impact: The women’s rights movement was overshadowed by the biggest reform movement, abolitionism

Reform: Abolitionism Issue 6: Abolition of Slavery Abolitionism: The abolition of slavery was the biggest and most divisive issue of reform Tension over the issue of slavery contributed to the Civil War