Myth Greek mythos/muthos.

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Presentation transcript:

myth Greek mythos/muthos

WALTER BURKERT: “a traditional tale with secondary, partial reference to something of collective importance”

MYTH LEGEND SAGA FOLKTALE

SACRED TEXT? JUDAEO-CHRISTIAN BIBLE ISLAMIC QUR’AN

Parthenon, Athens

Drawing of Phidias’ Athene Parthenos

Reconstruction of the Parthenon, Nashville, Tennessee

Reconstruction of Phidias’ Athene Parthenos, Nashville, Tennesee

ATHENIAN FESTIVALS PANATHENAEA CITY DIONYSIA

XENOPHANES (c.600 BCE) If a horse or lion or a slow ox had agile hands for paint and sculpture, the horse would make his god a horse, the ox would sculpt an ox. Our gods have flat noses and black skins say the Ethiopians. The Thracians say our gods have red hair and hazel eyes.

THEAGENES (525 BCE) ALLEGORY

ANAXAGORAS SOCRATES PLATO

EUHEMERUS c. 300 BCE gods were actually men deified for their great deeds EUHEMERISM

EXTERNALIST THEORIES 1: NATURE MYTHS

“Jupiter of Smyrna” (mid 2nd c. CE, restored)

Poseidon, cup found in Etruria (ca. 410 BC - ca. 405 B.C.E.)

Proto-Indo-European sky god: Dieus-phiter Sanskrit: Dyaus Pita Linear B Greek: Di-we Classical Greek: Zeus, Dios Latin: Jupiter (Dieu + pater)

EXTERNALIST THEORIES 2: THE RITUALISTS’ SCHOOL

Jane Harrison as Alcestis Myth and ritual: Frazer & Harrison J.G. Frazer The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (1890 onwards) Jane Harrison Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (1903) Jane Harrison as Alcestis

The Eleusinian Mysteries on the Ninnion Tablet (ca. 370 B.C.E.)

EXTERNALIST THEORIES 3: CHARTER THEORY OF MYTH

Bronislaw Malinowski

Bronislaw Malinowski: Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea (1922) Myths validate social institutions, customs, beliefs

EXTERNALIST THEORIES 4: ETIOLOGY (AITION)

INTERNALIST THEORIES 1: PSYCHOLOGY

Sigmund Freud

Statue of Perseus holding Medusa's head by Antonio Canova (ca. 1800)

"Oedipus and the Sphinx" (c. 470 B.C.E.)

Carl Jung

MYTHIC ARCHETYPES COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

ZEUS PROMETHEUS HERA ARTEMIS HERMES ATHENE APHRODITE

INTERNALIST THEORIES 2: STRUCTURALISM CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS

INTERNALIST THEORIES 3: NARRATOLOGY VLADIMIR PROPP MIEKE BAL

INTERNALIST THEORIES 4: FEMINISTIC INTERPRETATIONS CAROL GILLIGAN FROMA ZEITLIN

INTERNALIST THEORIES 5: NEUROLOGICAL INTERPRETATION

Myths of Prometheus and Pandora PRO-METHEUS = FORE-THOUGHT EPI-METHEUS = AFTER-THOUGHT

Πανδώρα Pandora All-Gifted (or Giver of All?)

Pandora John William Waterhouse 1869

Pandora’s Box. Andrew Jung. 2007

Pandora Cartoon. Mark Parisi. 1999.

Prometheus and the Eagle, Laconian Kylix, 6th C BCE

Prometheus Bound, Rubens and Snyders (1611-18)

Emery George Prometheus from Nina Kossman Gods and Mortals: Modern Poems on Classical Themes (Oxford, 2001)

FOR NEXT TIME: PRODUCTS MARKETED WITH NAMES FROM CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY