BLOOD TYPES.

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Presentation transcript:

BLOOD TYPES

REVIEW What is an antigen? A substance that can cause an immune response What is an antibody? Proteins in the blood that help destroy foreign substances

The Blood Types Are A B AB O

What determines blood type? Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens (proteins) on the surface of the red blood cells

The antigens are called A and B Blood type A has the A antigen Blood type B has the B antigen Blood type AB has both A and B antigens Blood type O doesn’t have either antigen

In addition, the plasma contains antibodies that react with the antigens the blood does not have (they detect foreign cells) Blood type A contains anti-b antibodies Blood type B contains anti-a antibodies Blood type AB doesn’t have either antibody Blood type O has both anti-a and anti-b antibodies

Blood Donations When transfusions were first attempted, death sometimes occurred due to the agglutination which is the clumping of blood.

For a blood donation to be safe the recipients' blood must not contain antibodies that will react with the antigens on the donors red blood cells

For Example: Would it be safe for a person with Type A blood to receive a transfusion from a person with type B blood? Why?

No - because the Anti B antibodies in the A blood plasma will react with the B antigens on the B red blood cells and agglutination will occur.

RH Factor The Rh factor is another antigen found on the red blood cells of approximately 85% of the population Rh positive people have the antigen Rh negative people lack the antigen

Rh factor The Rh factor can be a problem when an Rh negative mother is pregnant with an Rh positive baby. The mother will build antibodies against the child

Rh factor

BLOOD TYPES BLOOD TYPE ANTIGENS ON RED BLOOD CELLS ANTIBODIES IN PLASMA A ANTI-B B ANTI-A AB A AND B NONE O ANTI-A AND ANTI-B

SAFE MATCHES FOR BLOOD DONATIONS BLOOD TYPE CAN DONATE TO CAN RECEIVE FROM A A AB A O B B AB B O AB AB A B O O O AB A B

BLOOD TYPE AB IS THE UNIVERSAL RECIEPENT BLOOD TYPE O IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR