Perspectives of Development of Ukrainian Coke Industry according to requirements of blast furnace production Eugene . Kovalov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.) Ukrainian State research institute of Carbochemistry 2007

Coke plants of Ukraine СЛАЙД 1

Structure of Ukrainian Coke Production 56 coke oven battery Coke Plants -12 GIPROKOKS Coke Operations - 2 Phenol plant - 1 Ukrainian State research institute of Carbochemistry (UKHIN) Capacity - 24 000 000 t/year Machine-building Plants - 2 UKRKOKS Association СЛАЙД 2

Coke production Capacity 24 СЛАЙД 3

Coke production in 2005-2006 2006 СЛАЙД 3’

Trend of coke import in Ukraine 2005 2006 Russia – near 97% Poland – 80% Romania – 2% Japan – 0,2% China – 0,05% Russia – near 20% Japan – 1%

Import-export of Coke in Ukraine - 2005 - 2006 СЛАЙД 4

Properties of Coal Blends Table 1 Indices and measurement units Values Ukraine Leading Producers Ash, dry base, Ad, % 8,5-9,0 ≤ 8,5 Total sulphur, dry base, Sdt, % 1,5-2,5 ≤ 1,0 Volatile matter, Vdaf, % 29-32 ≤ 27 Plastic layer y, mm 14-18 14-16 Ash Basity Index 0,25-0,35 ≤ 0,16 Средний произвольный показатель отражения витринита, Ro, % ≥ 1,2 Показатель неоднородности шихты по стадиям метаморфизма витринита, R, % ≤ 0,15 Parameters of carbonization: Конечная температура, 0С ≥ 1000 Carbonization rate, mm/h ≤ 28 СЛАЙД 5

Indices and measurement units Coke Properties Indices and measurement units Values Ukraine Leading Producers Coke reactivity, CRI, % 35-40 ≤ 30 Coke strength after reaction, CSR, % 45-50 ≥ 60 Mechanical strength by Micum-drum, %: М40 68-70 ≥ 80 М10 7-8 ≤ 7 Ash, dry base, Ad, % ≤ 12 ≤ 11 Total sulphur, dry base, Sdt, % ≤ 1,5 ≤ 1 Volatile matter, Vdaf, % СЛАЙД 6

Different Types of Coke Structure (Polarized Light, 400Х) а)– from coal of grade Г; б) – ГЖ; в) и г) – Ж; д) – К; е – ОС. а) b) c) d) e) f) СЛАЙД 7

Dependence of the Reactivity on Content of Anisotropic Structures Reactivity, mg/g·min СЛАЙД 8

The Reactivity and the Strength of Sertain Carbonic Materials after Reaction Object CRI, % CSR, % Pitch coke 15,8 76,2 Petroleum coke 14,0 75,3 Pyrocarbon 12,1 73,0 СЛАЙД 9

Insertions into Coke (Polarized Light, 400Х) СЛАЙД 10

Basic Trends of Increasing of Coke Quality Development of rational raw base for coking Rational coking technology Final coke treatment forming the required properties of coal blends, foremost as per ash, sulphur content, coal rank decreasing coking rate to not to exceed 24 mm/h , dry quenching and soak-time of coke at a premix chamber the decrease in the amount of concentrates used for coal blends at every plant; the reduction of sulphur content and the increase in blend rank by increasing of mining volumes of Ukrainian low-sulphur coals and importing high-rank coals rational level of final temperatures (1050-1100 oC) rational level of the mechanical loads on the coke during its sorting, additional machining of coke to realize available centers of mechanical tensions and crack forming, blend additives of organic mesogenetic substances which increase the order of coke structure, and also prepared anisotropic materials like, for instance, petroleum coke additional soak-time for coke at a chamber (0,5-1,5 hours) coverage of coke surface with organic materials (for closing of pores and cracks) and inorganic substances (inhibitors of gas process) CRI CSR СЛАЙД 11

Development of Rational Raw Base for Coking CSR forming the required properties of coal blends, foremost as per ash, sulphur content, coal rank. It means the increase in coal washing depth and the ash reduction of coal concentrates; the increase of coal homogeneity as per spectrographic composition the reduction of sulphur content and the increase in blend rank by increasing of mining volumes of Ukrainian low-sulphur coals and importing high-rank coals blend additives of organic mesogenetic substances which increase the order of coke structure, and also prepared anisotropic materials like, for instance, petroleum coke. CRI СЛАЙД 11’

Rational coking technology CSR control of physical and chemical processes for transformation of isotropic coke texture to anisotropic one (increasing the coke carbon order) - decreasing coking rate to not to exceed 24 mm/h, rational level of final temperatures (1050-1100 oC), additional soak-time for coke at a chamber (0,5-1,5 hours). CRI СЛАЙД 11’’

Final coke treatment CSR CRI dry quenching and soak-time of coke at a premix chamber, rational level of the mechanical loads on the coke during its sorting, additional machining of coke to realize available centers of mechanical tensions and crack forming, coverage of coke surface with organic materials (for closing of pores and cracks) and inorganic substances (inhibitors of gas process). CRI СЛАЙД 11’’’