Introduction to Matter Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume

Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Mass – the measure of the amount of matter an object contains Volume – the amount of space that an object occupies solids: cm3 liquids: mL measured with a balance measured in grams (g) not the same as weight

Measuring Mass, Weight, and Volume Mass Weight Volume Definition: The amount of matter an object contains. Definition: The downward pull on an object due to gravity Definition: The amount of space an object occupies. Instrument: balance Instrument: scale Instrument: graduated cylinder, L x W x H, water displacement Metric unit: gram (g) Metric unit: newton (N) Metric unit: solids – cm3 liquids – mL

Mass Weight Volume Other information: weight of an object will change with location if the gravity changes Other information: solids, liquids, and gases all have volume Other information: will not change with location

Your weight on different planets

Introduction to Matter Section 1.2: Matter is made of atoms Section 1.3: Matter combines to form different substances

Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of matter.

Democritus’s Model Democritus suggested: Atoms were the smallest particles of any substance. Atoms cannot be divided. Atoms differed in size, shape, and, weight.

Solid Sphere Model John Dalton 1803 Dalton explained: Atoms are the smallest particle and cannot be divided. Atoms that make up the same elements are the same. Atoms that make up different elements are different. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.

Plum Pudding Model J. J. Thomson 1897 Thomson proposed: Atoms are made up of positively and negatively charged particles. The negatively charged particles he called electrons. The negative electrons are set in positively charged particles.

Planetary Model Ernest Rutherford 1911 Rutherford proposed: An atom is made up of mostly empty space. There is a center nucleus made up of positively charged protons. Negatively charged electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Bohr Model Niels Bohr 1913 Bohr proposed: Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels. Only a certain number of electrons could fit at each energy level.

Electron Cloud Model Protons and neutrons are tightly packed into the nucleus of the atom. The electrons are in a cloud around the nucleus but not indefinite orbits.

Two Parts of an Atom What is an atom? the smallest particle that makes up matter Two Parts of an Atom Electron cloud nucleus most of an atom’s mass most of an atom’s volume

Parts of an Atom protons – positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom neutrons – neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom electrons – negatively charged particles found orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud

Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, and each is about 2000 times more massive than an electron.

The Atom nucleus electron proton + + neutron + electron cloud

Electron Cloud Nucleus makes up most of an atom’s volume mass Contains: Contains: electrons - negative charge protons- positive charge neutrons - no charge

= - - - - - Normal atoms have no charge. the number of positive protons the number of negative electrons must equal - - + = + - + - + - +

http://web. visionlearning. com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1 http://web.visionlearning.com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1.3-an-atoms.shtml

Elements Definition - matter that is made up of only one kind of atom

Periodic Table of Elements The Periodic Table of Elements is a chart used to organize and classify all of the elements.

All information about an atom can be found on the Periodic Table of Elements.

Symbol for the element: Name of the element Symbol for the element: First letter always capitalized Second and third letters always lower case Periods are not used Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus Atomic mass: The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Information about atoms found on the Periodic Table of Elements: 18 atomic number Ar symbol Argon element name 39.948 atomic mass Round atomic mass to the nearest whole number (40)

27 Co cobalt 59 atomic number number of protons protons = electrons element symbol element symbol Co element name element name cobalt atomic mass atomic mass protons + neutrons 59

27 Co cobalt 59 On the white paper: atomic number number of protons protons = electrons 27 element symbol Co element name cobalt atomic mass protons + neutrons 59

neon sodium                                             phosphorous calcium

copper arsenic                                             iodine seaborgium

7 Nitrogen 226 138 12 6 59 27 4 2 Lithium 24 133 55 14 7 88 Radium 6 atomic mass number of neutrons number of protons element 7 Nitrogen 226 138 12 6 59 27 4 2 Lithium 24 133 55 14 7 88 Radium 6 Carbon 32 Cobalt Helium 2 7 3 12 Magnesium 78 Cesium

8 119 69 117 Platinum 146 92 35 Chlorine 59 31 108 47 16 16 Oxygen Tin atomic mass number of neutrons number of protons element 8 119 69 117 Platinum 146 92 35 Chlorine 59 31 108 47 16 16 Oxygen Tin 50 195 78 238 Uranium 17 18 28 Nickel 61 Silver Phosphorous 15

Nitrogen 7 7 7 7 14 Calcium 20 20 20 20 40 12 12 12 12 24 Chlorine 17 Atomic Number Atomic Mass Element Protons Neutrons Electrons Nitrogen 7 7 7 7 14 Calcium 20 20 20 20 40 12 12 12 12 24 Magnesium Chlorine 17 18 17 17 35 Neon 10 10 10 10 20 Zinc 30 35 30 30 65 Argon 18 22 18 18 40 Fluorine 9 10 9 9 19 24 28 24 24 52 Chromium Cobalt 27 32 27 27 59 Lead 82 125 82 82 207

Jefferson Lab: Element Games Periodic Table of Elements #1: Web Elements Periodic Table of Elements #2: Chemical Elements Periodic Table of Elements #3: Jefferson Lab Periodic Table #4: Los Alamos National Lab Jefferson Lab: Element Games

Step 1: Glue your white paper to the TOP of your colored paper. Step 2: Write your research information on the white paper.

Fold the top of your paper to the bottom of the WHITE paper. Step 3: Fold the top of your paper to the bottom of the WHITE paper. Step 4: Fold up bottom flap. atomic number symbol name Step 5: Add periodic table information. atomic mass

molecules Definition : a particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together Molecules can be made up of atoms that are alike or atoms that are different.

molecules Definition : a particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together Molecules can be made up of atoms that are alike or atoms that are different.

Molecules in Air

compounds Definition – a substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms bonded together A compound has different properties from the individual elements that make up the compound.

Sodium chloride: salt sodium – a dangerous metal chlorine – a poisonous gas

carbon – dark solid element oxygen – invisible gas element

H2O Water Molecule A water molecule contains: 2 hydrogen (H) atoms 1 oxygen (O) atom A chemical formula is used to identify the composition of a compound. The chemical formula for water is: H2O

oooooooo NH3 C4H10 CO2 Chemical formula Chemical formula

Chemical formula: C6H12O6 llllllllllll

mixtures Definition – a combination of different substances that remain the same individual substances and can be separated by physical means

Matter Pure Pure substances are made of only one type of can be Pure Pure substances are made of only one type of atom or molecule. Mixed Mixed substances are made of different atoms and or molecules. element compound homogeneous (uniformed mixture) heterogeneous (nonuniform mixture) atom molecule looks the same throughout can see the different parts

Cover Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

substances made up of only one kind of atom or molecule Pocket #1 Pure substances: substances made up of only one kind of atom or molecule atom/element molecule/compound

substances made up of different atoms and/or molecules Pocket #2 Mixed substances: substances made up of different atoms and/or molecules uniform mixtures nonuniform mixtures

Card definitions Card #1 atom – the smallest particle that makes up matter element – matter made of one kind of atom Card #2 molecule – the smallest particle of a compound compound – a substance that is made up of two or more different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined

Card #2 Card #1 Nonuniform mixture - can see the different parts Uniform mixture - looks the same throughout (heterogeneous) (homogeneous) air ocean water soda cake batter soil bronze brass chocolate milk blood

Comparing Compounds and Mixtures New substances are formed by atoms that chemically combine together. Mixture: 1. Substances in a mixture physically combine and remain the same substances.

Compound: Elements in a compound are always in the same proportions or in a fixed amount. Mixture: 2. Substances in a mixture can be combined in any amount.

Compound: Mixture: 3. Substances cannot be physically separated. 3. Substances can be physically separated.

compounds elements

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