LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Source: National Geographic: Available Online. Retrieved at: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0603/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD MIGRATION Migration: The act of moving from one place to another with the intent to live in another place permanently or for a longer period of time. Turn to your group and discuss: Why would people want to migrate?(at any time in history?) Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

Forced vs. Voluntary Migration LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Forced vs. Voluntary Migration Forced migration: When people have no choice and are forced to move. Forced migration is also called “involuntary migration.” Voluntary migration: When people choose to move. People choose to migrate if they think the benefits (advantages) of moving will be greater than the costs (disadvantages). Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Push vs. Pull Factors Push factors: Negative reasons for wanting to leave a place. Examples of push factors are a lack of food or water, natural disasters, a lack of jobs, and wars. Pull factors: Positive reasons for wanting to move to a place. Examples of pull factors are more food and water, a better climate, higher wages, and freedom. Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

Hunter-Gatherers: People who lived by hunting animals and gathering edible plants. They were nomads (moving from place to place when resources dried up).

Fertile Crescent

Neolithic Revolution

Domesticate Animals

Communities/Specialization

5 Characteristics of a Civilization Every Civilization Has: *Job specialization (art, tools, farming)/Social Class *City (infrastructure, architecture) *Writing (oral, pictograph, cuneiform) *Religion (why things happen in the world) *Government (laws, Hammurabi's code)