The Cold War in Asia and at Home

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War in Asia and at Home Unit 6 Section 7 The Cold War in Asia and at Home

China Turns to Communism Chinese Civil War had been raging since 1927 Temporary truce during World War II, renewed fighting when war ended Nationalists – Chiang Kaishek – US Supported Communists – Mao Zedong – Supported by Chinese peasants, most of population

China Falls 1949, Nationalists under Chiang are defeated by Communist forces, flee to Taiwan Americans are stunned by turn of events The “loss of China” US refuses to recognize Mao as legitimate ruler of China First failure of containment

Tensions in Korea Following WW2, Korean Peninsula divided at 38th Parallel Soviets occupy North, Americans occupy South Tensions mounts as Koreans on both sides threaten to reunite nation by force

Korean War June 25th, 1950, Northern Communists invade South in surprise attack UN votes to aid South Korea – Truman sends in counterattack by General Douglas MacArthur Lands at Inchon and drives North

MacArthur Fired MacArthur’s forces drive North to Yalu River – border of China Chinese forces counter-attack, drive Americans South Stalemate by ‘51, MacArthur wants to attack China Publicly criticizes Truman – is fired

War’s End War continues for two years War ends in a cease fire, July 1953 Results of war – roughly same borders as before Today, nations are still technically at war; tensions remain high Success of containment Korean War explained

Cold War at Home Rampant fear of communism in the US-sound smart 1949 – Soviet Union develops A-Bomb – heightens tensions Anti-Communist Republicans accuse Truman of being “soft” on communism Loyalty Review Boards established to investigate government employees – were not allowed to see evidence against them House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigates Hollywood and Communist influence – Hollywood Ten – 10 witnesses refuse to cooperate – Blacklisted for years; careers ruined.

Spies in America American Public is stunned by news of spy cases: Alger Hiss – former State Department officially accused of spying for USSR – convicted of perjury The Rosenbergs- 1950, couple accused of passing nuclear secrets to the Soviets; convicted and executed

McCarthyism and Witch Hunts Joseph McCarthy – Wisconsin Senator Capitalized on public fear of communism to stay in office Makes unsupported accusations of communism – “McCarthyism” Blames Democratic Party – only does name calling in Senate – immune to slander charges Republicans do little to reign him in 1954, oversteps by accusing Army Senate investigation eventually condemns him – dark chapter in American history as fear over rode Civil Rights War on terror / NSA?

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Truman and Foreign Policy Legacy – Decision to use the Atom Bomb / ends WW2 Marshall Plan / Truman Doctrine “Loss” of China Korean War containment Berlin Airlift “The Buck Stops Here”

From www2.needham.k12.ma.us From http://www.loc.gov Ibid.  

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