Cold War- Pt 2 Major Ideas and Events

US vs. Soviet Union- each trying to spread their ideology after WWII Cold War US vs. Soviet Union- each trying to spread their ideology after WWII Capitalism/Democracy vs. Communism

After WWII, US wants to stop the spread of communism Containment Policy After WWII, US wants to stop the spread of communism Called containment policy US tries many different ways to try and contain communism Communism

What was the purpose of the containment policy?

Example of a policy of containment Truman Doctrine (1947) Example of a policy of containment Pres. Truman said U.S. would provide aid to all nations resisting communism Did it because we thought Soviet Union was aggressive- they were trying to spread communism Spread of communism would threaten US interests

Truman Doctrine U.S. helped in Turkey and Greece where communists were trying to take over

One of the strategies of containment Marshall Plan (1947) - $$$ One of the strategies of containment US would give money to help rebuild war-torn Western Europe- would encourage democracies Helped to build strong economic ties with Western Europe If we helped them, they would side with us

Marshall Plan (1947) - $$$ Proposed by General George Marshall US gives $$$ to rebuild Western Europe Encourages Democracies Western Europe sides with the US, not Soviets Proposed by General George Marshall Considered one of most successful and important foreign policy actions in US history

How did the Marshall plan attempt to stop the spread of communism?

Berlin Airlift (1948) Germany split into 4 zones- Berlin (capital city in the zone controlled by Soviets) also split into 4 zones Soviet began a blockade of West Berlin (zone controlled by US/Britain/France)- was surrounded by Soviet zone Cut off Britain, France, and the U.S. from their zones- no trains, trucks, supplies, etc

Berlin Airlift Soviet did it to try and force Allied powers to withdraw from W Berlin so they could have control of all of it United Nations and U.S. airlifted food and supplies into W Berlin for almost a year before Soviet gave up

Military Alliances NATO (1949) Warsaw Pact (1955) North Atlantic Treaty Organization- NATO Military alliance (not political, not social- MILITARY) Created to provide security for U.S. and other democratic states in Europe and N America Attack on one member  all members responded Hoped would deter Soviets from attacking Deterrence – creating military power to discourage attack Military alliance of Soviet Union and its satellite nations Soviet version of NATO All of the “puppet” states forced to join If one was attacked, all responded- wanted to deter US from attacking one of their countries  

What was the goal of NATO?

Arms Race US first to develop atomic weapons in WWII- but Soviets started working on some too Soviets detonated their 1st atomic weapon in 1949 Start of arms race to see who could make biggest and best weapons

Resulted in stockpiles of nuclear weapons Arms Race Resulted in stockpiles of nuclear weapons Led to use of brinkmanship – pushing affairs to brink of catastrophe Used by both sides Threat of nuclear war if the other side did not give in- “We’ll bomb you if. . .” “We’ll bomb you back” Resulted in escalated tension and the production of lots of nuclear weapons, but no war

STAAR Practice During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union broke all diplomatic ties refused to trade with each other formed competing military alliances clashed over control of the Mediterranean Sea

STAAR Practice During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union broke all diplomatic ties refused to trade with each other formed competing military alliances clashed over control of the Mediterranean Sea

Big Idea In what ways did the United States attempt to stop the spread of communism