Cell Membrane Pumps and Vesicle Transport

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Membrane Pumps and Vesicle Transport Active Transport Cell Membrane Pumps and Vesicle Transport 1. sodium-potassium pump 2.exocytosis 3. endocytosis

Movement of materials AGAINST the concentration gradient from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration. requires the cell to use the energy molecule - adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Cell Membrane Pumps Involve carrier proteins called cell membrane pumps to move materials against the concentration (UP concentration gradient) uses ATP (energy) - similar to the steps of facilitated transport (use of protein bridge) - results in electrical impulses across nerve cells - Sodium-Potassium Pump

Vesicle Transport Some substances (ie. food) are TOO BIG to pass through membrane OR large quantities need to pass through the cell These situations use vesicle transport Endocytosis (entering the cell) Exocytosis (exiting the cell)

Endocytosis Cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules & large particles (including other cells)… External materials are enclosed by part of the cell membrane, forming a pouch… The pouch pinches off cell membrane & becomes a membrane bound organelle called  a vesicle… Vesicles can fuse with lysosomes to digests contents! Two kinds of Endocytosis: Phagocytosis – movement of large particles or whole cells. *Possible feeding method, or a method of defense to destroy bacteria/viruses!! 2. Pinocytosis – transport of solutes or liquids

Phagocytosis (cartoon animation) Pinocytosis (cartoon animation) Phagocytosis (cartoon animation)

Phagocytosis taking place in cells under a microscope

Endocytosis

Exocytosis reverse of endocytosis Vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with cell membrane and RELEASE their contents into the external environment OUTSIDE the cell Used to release large molecules such as proteins packaged by the Golgi apparatus (organelle in the cell) Used in nervous & endocrine system to control activities in other cells.

Exocytosis

Endocytosis & Exocytosis

Endocytosis http://www.maxanim.com/physiology/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis.htm