The Cartilaginous Fishes

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Presentation transcript:

The Cartilaginous Fishes First appear in Devonian Divided into two groups Phylogeny remains unclear Parallel evolution among lineages; developed similar modifications in feeding and locomotion Prismatic calcification: defining synapomorphy of Chondrichthyes Appear early Devonian (420 MYA) Doliodus problematicus

Characteristics of the Chondrichthyans 4 major differences compared to other verts Why did they evolve cartilaginous endoskeleton?

Characteristics of the Chondrichthyans 4 major differences compared to other verts

Characteristics of the Chondrichthyans 4 major differences compared to other verts

Characteristics of the Chondrichthyans 4 major differences compared to other verts

Pulling the adaptations together… Retain urea to save energy and reduce ion gradient makes osmoregulation more efficient Urea leaks out the gills – must be replaced During fasting break down own tissue Increases amino acid alanine from muscle breakdown Liver makes urea from alanine Stored lipids in liver make shark more buoyant Metabolic byproduct are ketone bodies Favored shift from fatty acids to ketones

Lineages of Extant Chondrichthyes

Superorders of the Neoselachii

Shark Characteristics: Skin Do sharks have scales?

Shark Characteristics: Jaws, Teeth, Feeding

Shark Characteristics: Predation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syISlRJTaw4

Shark Characteristics: Reproduction

Batoidea: Skates and Rays Body Form Dorsoventrally flat Huge pectoral fins Swimming https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIif0dGWMt0

Batoidea: Feeding and Reproduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La8kmlGpGAg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJZxJT1rMyQ

Holocephali (subclass): Chimaeras Body shape Range Reproduction

Chimaeras Characteristics Same shared features of sharks 5 unique traits 4 gill arches No spiracle Branchial skeleton below skull Teeth modified into plates Rostral extensions (many) ‘They have this club on the top of their head with spikes. People think it’s used for mating. It’s like a little mace with little spikes and hooks and it fits into their forehead. It’s jointed and it comes out. We’re not sure if it is used to stimulate the female or hold the female closer.”

Lets play the game what the hell is this?! Chimaeras Food Habits Lets play the game what the hell is this?!

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