Characterization of the Progressive Skin Disease and Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate in Mice with Inhibited NF-κB Signaling Max van Hogerlinden, Barbro.

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Characterization of the Progressive Skin Disease and Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate in Mice with Inhibited NF-κB Signaling Max van Hogerlinden, Barbro Lundh Rozell, Rune Toftgård, John P. Sundberg Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 123, Issue 1, Pages 101-108 (July 2004) DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Tail skin of normal male mice at 12 dpp (A), 18 dpp (C), 8 wpp (E), and 16 wpp (G) exhibited mild thinning of the epidermis and no dermal inflammation. By contrast, age- and gender-matched K5-IκB-α mice had progressive thickening of the epidermis with dyskeratosis (arrows). Older mice (8 and 16 wpp, F, H) developed progressive dysplastic changes and parakeratosis with mild dermal inflammation. H&E. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Tail skin from a male K5-IκB-α transgenic mouse at 15 dpp exhibited marked hyperplasia and numerous dyskeratotic keratinocytes (arrows) in the basal component with a mild subepidermal infiltrate of granulocytes and B cells. H&E. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Tail skin of female mice at 21 dpp. The littermate control skin had normal epidermis, an anagen stage hair follicle, and normal non-inflamed dermis (A). By contrast, transgenic mouse skin had moderate to severe epidermal hyperplasia with dyskeratosis, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, and mild dermal inflammation (B). Note that hair follicles are in telogen associated with moderate infundibular hyperplasia (arrow). H&E. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Hyperplasia and dysplasia progressed into infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma in the tail skin of a female K5-IκB-α mutant mouse at 16 wpp (A); note moderate cellular pleomorphism and deep cornification exhibiting atypical parakeratosis (arrow, B) and tumor infiltration of a small superficial vessel (arrow, C). Wild-type control skin is shown in (D). H&E. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Increased proliferation in transgenic skin. Expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was examined in wild-type control (WT) or transgenic (TG) tail skin at different ages, as indicated. Mitotic cells were detected by examining the expression of phospho-Histone H3 in wild-type (WT), or transgenic (TG) skin at different ages. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Cutaneous inflammation in transgenic mice. (A) B cells (B220), T cells (CD3) and (B) neutrophils (myeloperoxidase), eosinophils (Luna stain), and mast cells (toluidine blue stain) increased with age and epidermal thickness in transgenic mice (TG) but remained scarce in wild-type control (WT) mouse tail skin. Note that mast cells accumulated under the epidermis in 16-wk-old transgenic mice. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Expression of epidermal differentiation markers. (A) The expression of keratins was examined by immunohistochemistry in wild-type (WT) or transgenic (TG) tail skin from female mice at 30 dpp. An increased reactivity for keratin 1 was demonstrated suprabasally. Expression of the stress-keratin 6 was observed in transgenic interfollicular epidermis. Increased expression of keratin 14 was shown in suprabasal cells whereas keratin 5 was restricted to the basal layer and seemed reduced compared with wild-type controls. (B) Expression of the terminal differentiation markers filaggrin and loricrin, found in the stratum granulosum, was increased in transgenic skin whereas involucrin expression was patchy. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Upregulation of TNF-α expression in transgenic skin. The expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was examined by immunohistochemistry in wild-type (WT) or transgenic (TG) mouse tail skin at different ages, as indicated. Strong expression of TNF-α was present in transgenic keratinocytes but was absent in wild-type skin. A negative control section (-control), using rat IgG1 isotype control, showed no staining. Bar=50 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 123, 101-108DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22706.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions