Motor systems I. Pyramidal tract

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Presentation transcript:

Motor systems I. Pyramidal tract Dr. Ágota Ádám Oct 10, 2017.

Categorization of descending motor pathways I. ‘Classic’ categories: voluntary, goal-oriented (pyramidal tract) corticospinal tract corticonuclear (corticobulbar) tract involuntary, stereotypic (extrapyramidal tracts) reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, olivospinal, tectospinal tracts

Categorization of descending motor pathways II. Modern categories: medial descending system vestibulospinal tract reticulospinal tract lateral descending system corticospinal tract rubrospinal tract postural control, stabilization of head and gaze main inputs: visual, labyrinthic, proprioceptive, cerebellar voluntary, organized movements of face and limbs main inputs: somatosensory, cortical, basal ganglia, cerebellar

Principal descending motor tracts Pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems can only be separated anatomically but not functionally! None of the two systems can work properly alone, they constitute one motor system together!!!

Primary somatomotor cortex precentral gyrus (Brodmann 4 area) somatotopic arrangement agranular cortex (layer 2 and 4 are thin + giant pyramidal cells - Betz cells in layer 5)

Course of the corticospinal tract and its termination in the spinal cord ACSP – anterior (uncrossed) corticospinal tract LCSP – lateral (crossed) corticospinal tract

Internal capsule Arrangement of the fibres of pyramidal tract CA – anterior limb of IC G – ‘knee’ (genu) of IC CP – posterior limb of IC G – representation of head and face A – representation of arm B – representation of leg

Corticospinal tract

Corticonuclear tract

Vestibulospinal tracts

Clinical relevances Central lesion to the pyramidal tract: Controlateral side: Spastic paralysis (hypertonia), enhanced stretch reflexes (hyperreflexia), Babinski sign Peripheral lesion to the pyramidal tract: Flaccid paralysis, decreased reflexes Internal capsule!!! Common site of cerebrovascular accidents

Thank you for your attention!