Section 1: The Call to arms Chapter 15: The Civil War Section 1: The Call to arms

Objectives: Identify the states that supported the Union, the states that seceded, and the states whose loyalties were divided. Describe the advantages each side had in the war. Compare the different strategies used by the North and the South. Summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run. Describe the conditions soldiers in camp faced.

Key Terms border state – a slave state that did not secede neutral – not favoring either side martial law – a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens’ rights are suspended blockade – a military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it

Essential Question Why did both the North and the South think they would easily win the war? Many Northerners and Southerners were confident that their side would win a quick victory. The North had a greater population and more resources. The South had a more experienced military.

Reaction to The Rebellion in South After attack on Fort Sumter, Pres. Lincoln asks states to send troops to end “rebellion.” Northern Response: Young Northern men volunteer Widespread support OH, IN, etc. offer to send extra men Southern Response: TN refuses to send men to fight against “brothers” KN, MO – similar MD, DE – no response

More states secede After the attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked states to send troops to end what he called a “rebellion.” This caused more southern states to secede. April 17 - VA May – AR, TN, NC The western counties of Virginia refused to secede. These joined the Union as the state of West Virginia.

The Border States A key question at the start of the war was whether border states would side with the Union or the Confederacy. Both sides wanted to control the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

The Border States: Loyalty divided, Lincoln tries to keep MO & MD, & Neutral Ky Four border states did not secede: Delaware Delaware supported the Union. Few enslaved. Kentucky Kentucky started out neutral. After invaded by southern troops, KY supported Union. Missouri President Lincoln used force to keep MO in Union. Maryland Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law to keep in the Union.

? I m p o r t a n c e ?

General feelings upon entering the war Both sides are confident Union soldiers willing to sacrifice their lives to maintain government Southerners compare themselves to Americans of 1776 and are proud to be called rebels.

Southern advantages Land Advantages Fight in own territory Receive help from own people Robert E. Lee Military Advantages Most experienced military officers were southerners – resigned to fight for south. Three generals: Robert E. Lee Joseph Johnston Albert Johnston

a larger population 2/3 of people in N. Northern advantages The North was confident that it would win the war by taking advantage of its resources. These included: a larger population 2/3 of people in N. more acres of farmland more factories more railroad tracks The North was able to field, feed, and equip larger armies.

Northern advantages The Union had an advantage over the Confederacy in its amount of resources.

Union Strategy The North planned a multi-part strategy to defeat South. Blockade southern ports. Cut off manufactured goods, block sale of cotton. Seize Richmond. Confederate Capital 100 miles from D.C. Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the South in two. Major transportation link Cut S. in two

“Anaconda Plan”

Southern Strategy The South had a simpler strategy. They only needed to defend their land until the Northern armies got tired of fighting. They also sought help from Britain & other European nations that relied on the South for cotton.

Americans AGAINST AMERICANS When the Civil War began, thousands of soldiers volunteered for the Union and Confederate armies. Many of these soldiers were young and inexperienced.

However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war. Battle of Bull Run Union General Irvin McDowell wanted time to train his men – many unskilled However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war. Union soldiers march toward Richmond Confederate general “Stonewall” Jackson and his men held firm. Confederates come back at Union troops Union troops panic

Battle of Bull Run Inexperienced Union soldiers panicked and then retreated, but the Confederates were too exhausted to pursue them. Bull Run was an early sign that the war would be long and costly.

A Soldiers Life: Living Conditions Life in an army camp was harsh. Soldiers faced boredom, disease, and even death. Camps were filthy and lacked clean water. Outbreaks of diseases swept through the ranks. Captured soldiers were placed in overcrowded prison camps. Thousands died from starvation or exposure.