Physical Science Chapter 14: Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter What Is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass & takes up space ( volume). Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Properties of Matter Mass: is the amount of matter in an object. Mass can be measured by a balance. Volume: is the amount of space an Object takes up. Volume can be measured by a ruler. Volume = Length X width X height. Note: An object’s mass will not change if you cut up the object or changed it’s shape Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Mass is Conserved It contains as much matter after it was cut as it did before. Mass is kept the same ( conserved). Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Mass Vs. Weight What Is Mass? Amount of matter in an object. What is Weight?? It’s a measure of how much the mass is pulled by gravity. Mass & Weight are not the same but they are related. Example: This mystery box weigh less on the moon than on Earth?? Because the moon’s gravitational pull is less than Earth’s. The box’s mass, however is the same both on Earth & on the moon. Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Volume What Is Volume? Amount of space an object takes up. Volume of a Solid?? Its easy because it has a regular shape. You can measure it with a ruler = Length X width X Height Volume of a Liquid?? Can be measured by a measuring cup or by a graduated cylinder. Scientists say that volume, like mass is conserved The amount of space a measured volume takes up doesn’t change if we move it, divide it or change its shape Example: Pour the same amount of water into containers of different shapes. Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

What is Matter made up of?? For more than 2000 years scientists guessed that matter is made up of tiny particles that couldn’t be seen ( idea seemed correct but nobody could test it). Then, in the 1800’s experiments with chemical reactions provided new clues . All matter is made up of tiny particles called Atoms. Atom: is the smallest particle that still behaves like the original matter it came from. Atoms are so small they can’t be seen by the naked eye. Example: Hydrogen gas, Oxygen gas & Water (made Up of 2 Hydrogen atoms & 1 Oxygen atom, each tiny, invisible particle of water made of 3 atoms, water particle is called molecule. Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

What is a molecule?? A molecule: is made up of 2 or more atoms joined together. Note: This water molecule looks & acts differently from the Hydrogen & Oxygen its made up of. In fact, Oxygen & Hydrogen are gases at room temperature. Water, however, is a liquid at room temperature. Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Parts of an atom At first people thought that the atom is the smallest possible particle of matter. Today we know that’s not true because an atom can be broken into smaller particles. Each atom has a dense area in the center called “ nucleus” inside it there are 2 smaller particles: 1- Proton ( have positive + electrical charge) 2- Neutron ( neutral or no electrical charge). Electrons: circle the nucleus of an atom ( negatively charged) . Note: usually the number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons. Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

* different atoms contain different number of particles . Atoms & its Parts * different atoms contain different number of particles . Example 1: Hydrogen atom: has 1 proton & therefore all atoms containing 1 proton are hydrogen atoms. Example 2: Oxygen atom: contain 8 protons. Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Elements Elements: matter that’s made up of only 1 kind of atom. Example: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Question (what about water??). Scientists have identified 116 elements. Elements are organized by scientists in the “periodic table”. Periodic Table: chart that scientists use to organize elements. Each element has its place in the table. Each box within the table has a symbol standing for the element name. Some symbols are obvious ex. Hydrogen ( H), Carbon ( C) & Oxygen ( O). Others aren't very obvious ex. Iron ( Fe) & Gold ( Au). In the periodic table elements are arranged in order ( by the number of protons in the nucleus). Atomic number: is an element number of protons. Hydrogen atom: atomic number is 1( it has 1 proton) Oxygen atom: has 8 protons ( atomic number is 8) Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Q1. Find Iron in the periodic table. Q2 . What element has an atomic number of 79? How many protons does it have? Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Tells a lot about each element. Periodic Table Tells a lot about each element. All elements on the left side of the periodic table are metals except hydrogen. Metals: are shiny solids ex. Aluminum ( Al, atomic number =13,ex.2 Tin (Sn) atomic number= 50. Elements on the far right of the periodic table are Non-metals ex. Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen also Neon Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Periodic Table it uses a color code to show the state of matter at ordinary temperature. Matter includes ( Solids, Liquids & gases).s Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

Solids The particles in solids are packed close together and vibrate in place. For this reason solid is rigid: A solid has its own definite shape and definite volume. A solid keeps its shape even when it moves. Explore and Explain: Have students name some solids they can see in the classroom. Then ask what properties they all have in common?

Liquids The particles in liquids are not as close together as the particles in solids and move more freely than particles of solids. For this reason: Liquids have its own volume. Liquids take the shape of their container. Liquids can be poured from one container to another & whatever the shape of the container the liquid fills the shape from bottom to top.

Gases The particles in gases move freely in all directions. For this reason: Gases have no definite size or shape. A gas expands to take up whatever space is available. Gas particles are far apart & move rapidly. Explain: Have students create a three part match book foldable to compare and contrast the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Evaluate: Students will complete a three-circle Venn diagram, comparing and contrasting the properties of the three states. of water as a solid, liquid, and gas.