Transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring of myocardial ischemia during vascular surgery Bruce L. Gewertz, M.D., Paul C. Kremser, M.D., Christopher K. Zarins, M.D., John S. Smith, M.D., John E. Ellis, M.D., Steven B. Feinstein, M.D., Michael F. Roizen, M.D. Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 607-613 (April 1987) DOI: 10.1016/0741-5214(87)90228-X Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Static images of end-diastolic (A) and end-systolic (B) ventricular cross-sections before and after suprarenal aortic clamping in patient treated with nitroglycerin. Cardiac function was poor before clamping as demonstrated by poor ventricular wall motion and decreased ejection fraction (note large residual ventricular volume at end-systole, preclamp). Cardiac function is actually improved after aortic clamping as nitroglycerin infusion is begun, decreasing preload. Note improved contractility of ventricular wall, decreased end-diastolic volume, and increased ejection fraction (smaller residual ventricular volume at end-systole, postclamp). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 607-613DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(87)90228-X) Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Digitized presentations of left ventricular cross sections in a patient studied immediately before (A) and after (B) aortic root injection of sonicated microbubbles of contrast. Note marked increase in echogenicity of myocardial segments and homogenous perfusion of ventricular free wall. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 607-613DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(87)90228-X) Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Left ventricular cross sections before (A) and after (B) infrarenal aortic clamping. Although A is end-diastolic view and B is end-systolic, homogenous perfusion is evident in this patient without segmental wall motion abnormalities. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 607-613DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(87)90228-X) Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions