• Explain the overlap of adjacent p-orbitals to form a π-bond.

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Presentation transcript:

• Explain the overlap of adjacent p-orbitals to form a π-bond. Week 15 • Understand that alkenes and cycloalkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. • Explain the overlap of adjacent p-orbitals to form a π-bond. • Explain the trigonal planar shape around each carbon making up the C=C bond of alkenes. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 Ethene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Formation of the C=C double bond Week 15 Formation of the C=C double bond © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Shape of an ethene molecule Week 15 Shape of an ethene molecule © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 Cyclohexene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 Carotene, C40H56 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Tamiflu and 1,4-cyclohexadiene Week 15 Tamiflu and 1,4-cyclohexadiene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

• Describe the use of bromine as a test for unsaturation. Week 15 • Describe addition reactions of alkenes with both hydrogen and halogens. • Describe the use of bromine as a test for unsaturation. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Typical addition reaction for an alkene Week 15 Typical addition reaction for an alkene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Hydrogenation of ethene Week 15 Hydrogenation of ethene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Halogenation of ethene with chlorine Week 15 Halogenation of ethene with chlorine © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Halogenation of propene with bromine Week 15 Halogenation of propene with bromine © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

• Define an electrophile as an electron pair acceptor. Week 15 • Describe addition reactions of alkenes with both hydrogen halides and steam. • Define an electrophile as an electron pair acceptor. • Describe a curly arrow as the movement of an electron pair. • Describe, using curly arrows, the mechanism of electrophilic addition in alkenes. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Addition reaction for ethene and HBr Week 15 Addition reaction for ethene and HBr © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 Hydration of ethene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Addition reaction for an unsymmetrical alkene Week 15 Addition reaction for an unsymmetrical alkene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Electrophilic reaction for ethene and hydrogen bromide Week 15 Electrophilic reaction for ethene and hydrogen bromide © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 Curly arrows © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Carbocation reacts with bromide ion Week 15 Carbocation reacts with bromide ion © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

• Recall the reactions of alkenes. Week 15 • Describe how heterolytic fission leads to electrophilic addition in alkenes, using bromine as an example. • Recall the reactions of alkenes. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Electrophilic reaction for ethene with Br2 Week 15 Electrophilic reaction for ethene with Br2 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Carbocation reacts with bromide ion Week 15 Carbocation reacts with bromide ion © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Heterolytic fission of a bromine molecule Week 15 Heterolytic fission of a bromine molecule © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

The structures of isoprene and myrcene Week 15 The structures of isoprene and myrcene © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Reaction of myrcene with excess hydrogen to form a saturated product Week 15 Reaction of myrcene with excess hydrogen to form a saturated product © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 Reactions of alkenes © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

But-2-ene takes part in the addition reactions Week 15 But-2-ene takes part in the addition reactions © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Week 15 • Outline the use of alkenes in the manufacture of margarine by catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils. • Outline the use of alkenes in the formation of a range of polymers using unsaturated monomer units. © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

Alkene molecules form addition polymers Week 15 Alkene molecules form addition polymers © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original