2.5 Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton

Cytoplasm (Cytosol) Insides (- nucleus) Watery gel

So what? Support & Shape Enzyme location

Cytoskeleton Protein “Skeleton” Shape / Move / Divide

Cytoskeletal Parts Protein tubes and filaments Microtubules & Microfilaments

2.6 The Nucleus

Chromatin vs Chromosome Nucleolus Nuclear pores

Microscopes Light: Life! Color! Horrible resolution! SEM: Magnification! Resolution! 3D surface! Dead and Greyscale! TEM: Best Magnification! Resolution! 2D slice! Dead and Greyscale!

2.7 Ribosomes and Mitochondria

Ribosomes rRNA & Protein 2 subunits No Membrane

Translation RNA makes proteins Free Ribosomes vs Bound Ribosomes (ER)

Mitochondria Cellular Respiration ATP # varies

Endosymbiosis DNA & Ribosomes Reproduce

2.8 Endomembrame System

Transport Organelles Rough ER - Proteins Smooth ER – Lipids/membrane Golgi Apparatus – Modify/Package

Send Proteins Out of the Cell RER  SER  Vesicle Golgi Apparatus  Vesicle Cell Membrane

Vesicles Transport Lysosomes – digestive enzymes Peroxisomes – detox (liver)

Vacuoles Centrosomes vs. Centrioles

2.9 Plant Cell Structures

Plants Cells Only Cell Walls Rigid/Shape Cellulose Plasmodesmata

Central Vacuole 30-90% cell volume Tonoplast membrane Storage

Plastids Endosymbiosis Chloroplast and others

Chloroplast Photosynthesis

2.10 Organization of Cells

Cell Organization Single cell’s organelles

Multicellularity Colonial Theory Biofilms Specialization + Togetherness

True Multicellularity Colonial organisms don’t need anyone Multicellular can’t be forever alone

Organization No tissues Tissues Organs Organ systems