Cell parts Pages 74, 77-85, 87-90

The Parts of the Cell

Organelles --Structure within a cell that performs a certain function

Organelles Found in Both Animal and Plant Cells

1. The Nucleus --Controls the cell --Where DNA is found --Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane 2. The Nucleolus --Site where DNA is concentrated to make ribosomal RNA

Figure 4.8a

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum --Has two parts --Rough ER Interconnected flattened sacs Makes phospholipids and proteins, moves supplies around cell Studded with ribosomes Smooth ER Lacks ribosomes Builds lipids, moves supplies around cell

Figure 4.10a Figure 4.10

4. Golgi Apparatus --Flattened stacks of membranes --Sorts, packages, labels, and modifies proteins and lipids from ER --Releases molecules in vesicles

5. Cytoskeleton --Has many structures --Network of tubes and filaments --Gives the cell structure and support Ex: Cilia and Flagella (aid in movement)

6. Ribosomes --Located on the rough ER and in cytoplasm --Site of protein synthesis --Ribosomes are made by the nucleolus

7. Peroxisomes 8. Vacuole -- Break down alcohol --Neutralize free radicals 8. Vacuole  -- Mainly storage (water and sugar)

9. Mitochondria --Converts sugar into cellular energy (ATP) --Contains its own DNA --singular is “mitochondrion” --“power house” of the cell

Figure 4.17 Figure 4.17

Organelles Found ONLY in Plant Cells

10. Chloroplast --Converts light energy to carbohydrates --Has stacks of thylakoids --Has its own DNA

11. Central Vacuole --Stores water, waste products, and nutrients --Maintains hydrostatic pressure

12. Cell Wall --Lies outside the plasma membrane --Contains cellulose --Gives structure and support

Organelles Found ONLY in Animal Cells

13. Centrioles --Aid in cellular division

--recycle old cell parts and kills bacteria 14. Lysosomes --vesicles used to digest waste --recycle old cell parts and kills bacteria --contain degrading enzymes (to "lyse" means to dissolve)  TAY-SACHS disease – missing an enzyme of the lysosomes that breaks down a fatty substance.  Over time this fat builds up in the brain and nervous tissue, smothering the cells.  Results in degeneration and death.