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Newton’s Laws of Motion

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Presentation transcript:

Do now! Hey dudes, can you go through your folders and make sure everything is in order?

Newtons Laws of Motion Thats me!

Newtons 1 st Law An object continues in uniform motion in a straight line or at rest unless a resultant external force acts

Newtons 1 st Law An object continues in uniform motion in a straight line or at rest unless a resultant external force acts Does this make sense?

Newtons 1 st law Newtons first law was actually discovered by Galileo. Newton nicked it!

Newtons first law Galileo imagined a marble rolling in a very smooth (i.e. no friction) bowl.

Newtons first law If you let go of the ball, it always rolls up the opposite side until it reaches its original height (this actually comes from the conservation of energy).

Newtons first law No matter how long the bowl, this always happens

Newtons first law No matter how long the bowl, this always happens. constant velocity

Newtons first law Galileo imagined an infinitely long bowl where the ball never reaches the other side!

Newtons first law The ball travels with constant velocity until its reaches the other side (which it never does!). Galileo realised that this was the natural state of objects when no (resultant ) forces act. constant velocity

Other examples Imagine a (giant) dog falling from a tall building

Other examples To start the dog is travelling slowly. The main force on the dog is gravity, with a little air resistance gravity Air resistance

Other examples As the dog falls faster, the air resistance increases (note that its weight (force of gravity) stays the same) gravity Air resistance

Other examples Eventually the air resistance grows until it equals the force of gravity. At this time the dog travels with constant velocity (called its terminal velocity) gravity Air resistance

Oooops!

Another example Imagine Mr Porter cycling at constant velocity.

Newtons 1 st law He is providing a pushing force. Constant velocity

Newtons 1 st law There is an equal and opposite friction force. Constant velocity Pushing force friction

Newtons second law Newtons second law concerns examples where there is a resultant force. I thought of this law myself!

Lets go back to Mr Porter on his bike. Remember when the forces are balanced (no resultant force) he travels at constant velocity. Constant velocity Pushing force friction

Newtons 2nd law Now lets imagine what happens if he pedals faster. Pushing force friction

Newtons 2nd law His velocity changes (goes faster). He accelerates! Pushing force friction acceleration Remember from last year that acceleration is rate of change of velocity. In other words acceleration = (change in velocity)/time

Newtons 2nd law Now imagine what happens if he stops pedalling. friction

Newtons 2nd law He slows down (decellerates). This is a negative acceleration. friction

Newtons 2nd law So when there is a resultant force, an object accelerates (changes velocity) Pushing force friction Mr Porters Porche

Newtons 2 nd law There is a mathematical relationship between the resultant force and acceleration. Resultant force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s 2 ) F R = ma Its physics, theres always a mathematical relationship!

An example What will be Mr Poters acceleration? Pushing force (100 N) Friction (60 N) Mass of Mr Porter and bike = 100 kg

An example Resultant force = 100 – 60 = 40 N F R = ma 40 = 100a a = 0.4 m/s 2 Pushing force (100 N) Friction (60 N) Mass of Mr Porter and bike = 100 kg

Newtons 3 rd law If a body A exerts a force on body B, body B will exert an equal but opposite force on body A. Hand (body A) exerts force on table (body B) Table (body B) exerts force on hand (body A)

Dont worry! Well do more on Newtons 3 rd law next week.

Free-body diagrams

Shows the magnitude and direction of all forces acting on a single body The diagram shows the body only and the forces acting on it.

Examples Mass hanging on a rope W (weight) T (tension in rope)

Examples Inclined slope W (weight) R (normal reaction force) F (friction) If a body touches another body there is a force of reaction or contact force. The force is perpendicular to the body exerting the force

Examples String over a pulley T (tension in rope) W1W1 W1W1

Examples Ladder leaning against a wall R R F F W

Resolving vectors into components

It is sometime useful to split vectors into perpendicular components

Resolving vectors into components

A cable car question

Tension in the cables? N ? ? 10°

Vertically = 2 X ? X sin10° N ? ? 10° ? X sin10°

Vertically /2xsin10° = ? N ? ? 10° ? X sin10°

? = N N ? ? 10° ? X sin10°

What happens as the angle deceases? N ? ? θ ? = /2 x sinθ

Lets try some questions! Page 67 Question 2 Page 68 Questions 6, 8, 10. Page 73 Questions 3, 4, 5 Page 74 Question 9, 12 Page 75 Question 14 Page 84 Questions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 Page 85 Questions 13, 16, 20, 21.