Maximizing Broadcast Tree Lifetime in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Guofeng Deng, Sandeep Gupta IMPACT Lab, Arizona State University http://impact.asu.edu

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Broadcast in WANETs Minimum energy broadcast (minimizing total transmission power) NP-hard BIP [Wieselthier Infocom 2000], EWMA [Cagalj Mobicom 2002] Maximum lifetime broadcast (minimizing maximum transmission power) Solvable in polynomial time MST [Camerini IPL 1978][Kang ICC 2003], sub-network solution [Lloyd Mobihoc 2002][Floreen DIALM-POMC 2003] and MDLT [Das Globecom 2003] Consideration of transmission power alone is insufficient. Receiver power matters. CORP: constant receiver power model TREPT: transmitter-receiver power tradeoff model G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Outline Maximizing Broadcast Tree Lifetime (MaxBTL) Network model CORP model TREPT model Problem statement MaxBTL under the CORP model An optimal solution MaxBTL under the TREPT model An optimal solution to a special case problem Conclusion G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

Maximizing Broadcast Tree Lifetime Network model Power consumption is the sum of transmission and receiving power consumption Transmission power control Wireless multicast advantage (WMA) Receiving power will be discussed shortly Finite battery power capacity and linear battery power model, i.e., the lifetime of a node is the ratio between the amount of battery energy and power consumption. Problem statement Broadcast tree lifetime: the period of time for the first node to die MaxBTL: find a broadcast tree that maximizes the broadcast tree lifetime among all the broadcast trees rooted at the given source node. G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Receiver Power Models CORP The receiver power, which may vary from node to node, is fixed regardless of the signal strength at the receiver. E.g., paT = 16mW If paR = 5mW, then pa = 21mW TREPT [Cui ICC 2003][Vasudevan et al. Infocom’06] The receiver power for decoding a signal is a function of the transmission power of the transmitter as well as the distance between them. E.g., paR = d3/psT and d = 5m. paR = 10.4mW when psT = 12mW; when psT increases to 20mW, paR reduces to 6.25mW. G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Roadmap Maximizing Broadcast Tree Lifetime (MaxBTL) Network model CORP model TREPT model Problem statement MaxBTL under the CORP model An optimal solution MaxBTL under the TREPT model An optimal solution to a special case problem Conclusion G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

MaxBTL under the CORP model Define longevity of a transmitter-receiver pair as: Lemma 1: The lifetime of any broadcast tree T is the minimum longevity of any transmitter-receiver pair in T. Lemma 2: Given a node v in a link weighted digraph, the spanning tree rooted at v generated using Prim’s algorithm minimizes the maximum link weight among all spanning trees rooted at the same node. WANET  Inverse longevity graph (ING) Theorem 1: A rooted spanning tree generated by Prim’s algorithm in an ING is the maximum lifetime broadcast tree. Lemma 2 ING Lemma 1 Prim tree  min max weight  min max inverse longevity  max min longevity  max tree lifetime G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Roadmap Maximizing Broadcast Tree Lifetime (MaxBTL) Network model CORP model TREPT model Problem statement MaxBTL under the CORP model An optimal solution MaxBTL under the TREPT model An optimal solution to a special case problem Conclusion G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

MaxBTL under the TREPT model Given a broadcast tree, what is the maximum lifetime? Power setting of a broadcast tree is a snapshot of transmission and receiving power of each node. Given a tentative tree lifetime, we can check if there is any valid power setting that satisfies connectivity constraints, i.e., if the given lifetime is feasible. For example, for a tentative lifetime τ s: ps = psT = Es / τ, s is OK only if ps ≥ p(s,a). a: paR = f(psT,d), paT = Ea / τ – paR , a is OK only if paT ≥ max{p(a,c),p(a,b)}. …… G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

MaxBTL under the TREPT model Theorem 2: Under the TREPT model, the binary search algorithm returns the lifetime of any given broadcast tree within ε of the optimal lifetime in O(n log(T/ε)) time, where n is the number of nodes in the WANET and T is an upper bound lifetime. We suspect that the general problem of finding a maximum lifetime broadcast tree under the TREPT model is NP-hard. G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Roadmap Maximizing Broadcast Tree Lifetime (MaxBTL) Network model CORP model TREPT model Problem statement MaxBTL under the CORP model An optimal solution MaxBTL under the TREPT model An optimal solution to a special case problem Conclusion G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Conclusion Receiver power matters An optimal solution to MaxBTL under the CORP model An optimal solution to a special case problem of MaxBTL under the TREPT model Future directions include a solution to the general MaxBTL problem under the TREPT model or proving it to be NP-hard, and distributed solutions to MaxBTL. G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06

G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06 Thank You! G. Deng & S. Gupta, Globecom'06