Slavery

“King Cotton” led to a huge growth in the African slave population Slavery was not financially beneficial in the North By the 1830s, all Northern states abolished slavery

Slave rebellions and escapes through the Underground Railroad became more common

In the 1830s, abolitionism (the desire to emancipate all slaves) grew radical Abolition grew more popular in the North, but was seen as a threat to the “Southern way of life”

William Lloyd Garrison was America’s leading abolitionist In the 1830s, abolitionism (the desire to emancipate all slaves) grew radical Abolition grew more popular in the North, but was seen as a threat to the “Southern way of life” William Lloyd Garrison was America’s leading abolitionist His American Anti-Slave Society and The Liberator newsletter demanded the immediate end to slavery without payment to slave owners Frederick Douglass was a runaway slave, popular anti-slavery speaker, and author of the North Star newsletter

By 1840, abolitionism was the most important of the antebellum social reforms Arguments over slavery increased sectional tensions between North and South

William Lloyd Garrison Most famous abolitionist Published The Liberator; formed American Anti-Slavery Society Immediate end to slavery Burned Constitution; Argued for Northern secession

Abolitionist, former slave Frederick Douglass Abolitionist, former slave “Slavery is wicked, a sin, violates liberty” Helped runaway slaves Published North Star Advised President Lincoln

Southern women who moved North to become abolitionists Grimke Sisters Southern women who moved North to become abolitionists Slavery is morally wrong First women to speak to audiences with men (unladylike) Threatened with jail if ever returned to South

White southerner who opposed slavery Wrote Impending Crisis Hinton Helper White southerner who opposed slavery Wrote Impending Crisis Slavery is bad because it kept most whites poor & hurt the South Racist against blacks; argued for segregation

Supporter of slavery; “positive good” theory John C. Calhoun Supporter of slavery; “positive good” theory States, not the national government, should decide if slavery should exist Southern “way of life” States should defy anti- slavery laws

Southern aristocrat who supported slavery Slaves are “inferior” George Fitzhugh Southern aristocrat who supported slavery Slaves are “inferior” Slavery is better than Northern cruelty towards factory workers Slaves were “better off” in America than Africa